Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Georgia Fernandes, M. Vieira, M. Lourenço, A. Gadelha, L. Coura, V. Rolla (2002)
Inflammatory paradoxical reaction occurring in tuberculosis patients treated with HAART and rifampicin.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 44 2
M. Bower, M. Nelson, A. Young, C. Thirlwell, T. Newsom-Davis, S. Mandalia, T. Dhillon, P. Holmes, B. Gazzard, J. Stebbing (2005)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi's sarcoma.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 23 22
K. Siddiqi, M. Lambert, J. Walley (2003)
Clinical diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in low-income countries: the current evidence.The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 3 5
S. Shelburne, M. Montes, R. Hamill (2006)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: more answers, more questions.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 57 2
H. Mayanja-Kizza, E. Jones-López, A. Okwera, R. Wallis, J. Ellner, R. Mugerwa, C. Whalen (2005)
Immunoadjuvant prednisolone therapy for HIV-associated tuberculosis: a phase 2 clinical trial in Uganda.The Journal of infectious diseases, 191 6
M. Perkins, J. Cunningham (2007)
Facing the crisis: improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the HIV era.The Journal of infectious diseases, 196 Suppl 1
A. Elliott, H. Luzze, M. Quigley, J. Nakiyingi, Stephen Kyaligonza, P. Namujju, C. Ducar, J. Ellner, J. Whitworth, R. Mugerwa, John Johnson, A. Okwera (2004)
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of prednisolone as an adjunct to treatment in HIV-1-associated pleural tuberculosis.The Journal of infectious diseases, 190 5
M. Karavellas, C. Lowder, J. Macdonald, C. Avila, W. Freeman (1998)
Immune recovery vitritis associated with inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis: a new syndrome.Archives of ophthalmology, 116 2
A review on TB-IRIS that emphasizes the need for a uniform clinical case definition that can be used in resource limited settings to facilitate comparison between studies
R. Colebunders, Laurence John, Veerle Huyst, Andrew Kambugu, Fabio Scano, Lutgarde Lynen (2006)
Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in countries with limited resources.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10 9
J. Graybill, J. Sobel, M. Saag, C. Horst, W. Powderly, G. Cloud, L. Riser, R. Hamill, W. Dismukes (2000)
Diagnosis and Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Patients with AIDS and Cryptococcal MeningitisClinical Infectious Diseases, 30
W. Manosuthi, S. Kiertiburanakul, Thanongsri Phoorisri, S. Sungkanuparph (2006)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients receiving antituberculous and antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of infection, 53 6
G. Breton, X. Duval, C. Estellat, Xavier Poaletti, D. Bonnet, David Mvondo, P. Longuet, C. Leport, J. Vildé (2004)
Determinants of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV type 1-infected patients with tuberculosis after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 39 11
L. Calabrese, E. Kirchner, R. Shrestha (2005)
Rheumatic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: emergence of a new syndrome of immune reconstitution and changing patterns of disease.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 35 3
Esteban Martínez, J. Gatell, Yolanda Morán, Esther Aznar, E. Buira, Ana Guelar, J. Mallolas, Eladio Soriano (1998)
High incidence of herpes zoster in patients with AIDS soon after therapy with protease inhibitors.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 27 6
P. Braitstein, M. Brinkhof, F. Dabis, M. Schechter, A. Boulle, P. Miotti, R. Wood, C. Laurent, E. Sprinz, C. Seyler, D. Bangsberg, E. Balestre, J. Sterne, M. May, M. Egger (2006)
Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countriesThe Lancet, 367
L. Calza, R. Manfredi, V. Colangeli, A. D’antuono, B. Passarini, F. Chiodo (2003)
Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus in HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapyInternational Journal of STD & AIDS, 14
A case series of 20 patients with MAC-IRIS that demonstrates that this condition may run a prolonged course and be complex to manage
T. Puthanakit, Peninnah Oberdorfer, Noppadon Akarathum, Pornphun Wannarit, T. Sirisanthana, V. Sirisanthana (2006)
Immune Reconstitution Syndrome After Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Thai ChildrenThe Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25
A. Harries, H. Banda, M. Boeree, S. Welby, J. Wirima, V. Subramanyam, D. Maher, P. Nunn (1998)
Management of pulmonary tuberculosis suspects with negative sputum smears and normal or minimally abnormal chest radiographs in resource-poor settings.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2 12
J. Martínez, Julieta Mazziotti, E. Efron, P. Bonardo, R. Jordan, G. Sevlever, M. Martínez, S. Verbanaz, Z. Salazar, M. Pardal, R. Reisin (2006)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with PML in AIDS: A treatable disorderNeurology, 67
S. Lawn, R. Wood (2007)
When should antiretroviral treatment be started in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis in South Africa?South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 97 6
S. Shelburne, F. Visnegarwala, Jorge Darcourt, E. Graviss, T. Giordano, A. White, R. Hamill (2005)
Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during highly active antiretroviral therapyAIDS, 19
S. Shelburne, R. Hamill (2003)
The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.AIDS reviews, 5 2
R. Colebunders, I. Bastian (2000)
A review of the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 4 2
D. Jevtović, D. Salemović, J. Ranin, I. Pešić, S. Žerjav, Olgica Djurković-Djaković (2005)
The prevalence and risk of immune restoration disease in HIV‐infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapyHIV Medicine, 6
J. Olalla, F. Pulido, R. Rubio, M. Costa, R. Monsalvo, E. Palenque, J. Costa, P. Del (2002)
Paradoxical responses in a cohort of HIV-1-infected patients with mycobacterial disease.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 6 1
N. Crum, A. Ganesan, S. Johns, M. Wallace (2006)
Graves disease: an increasingly recognized immune reconstitution syndrome.AIDS, 20 3
J. Strang, D. Gibson, A. Nunn, H.H.S. Kakaza, D. Girling, W. Fox (1987)
CONTROLLED TRIAL OF PREDNISOLONE AS ADJUVANT IN TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS IN TRANSKEIThe Lancet, 330
D. Dhasmana, K. Dheda, P. Ravn, R. Wilkinson, G. Meintjes (2008)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy : pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management.Drugs, 68 2
S. Shelburne, R. Hamill, M. Rodriguez‐Barradas, S. Greenberg, R. Atmar, D. Musher, J. Gathe, F. Visnegarwala, B. Trautner (2002)
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Emergence of a Unique Syndrome During Highly Active Antiretroviral TherapyMedicine, 81
T. Bicanic, T. Harrison, Alina Niepieklo, Nontobeko Dyakopu, G. Meintjes (2006)
Symptomatic relapse of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis after initial fluconazole monotherapy: the role of fluconazole resistance and immune reconstitution.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 43 8
R. Lehloenya, G. Meintjes (2006)
Dermatologic manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Dermatologic clinics, 24 4
J. Vidal, M. Fink, Filiberto Cedeno-Laurent, S. Delbue, P. Ferrante, R. Dauar, Francisco Filho, R. Nogueira, E. Calore, C. Pannuti, Roberto Trujillo, Augusto Oliveira (2007)
BK virus associated meningoencephalitis in an AIDS patient treated with HAARTAIDS Research and Therapy, 4
D. Skiest, L. Hester, R. Hardy (2005)
Cryptococcal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: report of four cases in three patients and review of the literature.The Journal of infection, 51 5
J. Hakim, I. Ternouth, E. Mushangi, S. Siziya, V. Robertson, A. Malin (2000)
Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of adjunctive prednisolone in the treatment of effusive tuberculous pericarditis in HIV seropositive patientsHeart, 84
J. Day, S. Charalambous, K. Fielding, R. Hayes, G. Churchyard, A. Grant (2006)
Screening for tuberculosis prior to isoniazid preventive therapy among HIV-infected gold miners in South Africa.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10 5
P. Mirmirani, T. Maurer, B. Herndier, M. McGrath, M. Weinstein, T. Berger (1999)
Sarcoidosis in a patient with AIDS: a manifestation of immune restoration syndrome.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 41 2 Pt 2
An important conceptual paper that categorises the various disorders of immune reconstitution that may occur in HIV-infected patients on cART
J. Jarvis, T. Harrison (2007)
HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.AIDS, 21 16
A. Safdar, R. Rubocki, J. Horvath, K. Narayan, R. Waldron (2002)
Fatal immune restoration disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: impact of antiretroviral therapy-associated immune reconstitution.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 35 10
P. Fox, S. Barton, N. Francis, M. Youle, DC Henderson, D. Pillay, MA. Johnson, L. Fearfield, B. Gazzard, C. Bunker (1999)
Chronic erosive herpes simplex virus infection of the penis, a possible immune reconstitution diseaseHIV Medicine, 1
Samuel III, Jorge Darcourt, A. Jr., S. Greenberg, R. Hamill, R. Atmar, F. Visnegarwala (2005)
The role of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS-related Cryptococcus neoformans disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 40 7
M. French, N. Lenzo, M. John, S. Mallal, E. McKinnon, I. James, P. Price, J. Flexman, M. Tay-Kearney (2000)
Immune restoration disease after the treatment of immunodeficient HIV‐infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapyHIV Medicine, 1
F. Blanc, D. Havlir, P. Onyebujoh, S. Thim, A. Goldfeld, J. Delfraissy (2007)
Treatment strategies for HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis: ongoing and planned clinical trials.The Journal of infectious diseases, 196 Suppl 1
Fabiana Serra, D. Hadad, R. Orofino, F. Marinho, Cristina Lourenço, M. Morgado, V. Rolla (2007)
Immune reconstitution syndrome in patients treated for HIV and tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 11 5
B. Knysz, M. Kuliszkiewicz‐Janus, M. Jeleń, R. Podlasin, A. Gładysz (2006)
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as a rare manifestation of immune reconstitution disease in HIV-1 positive patients.Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej, 60
A. Pires, M. Nelson, A. Pozniak, M. Fisher, B. Gazzard, F. Gotch, N. Imami (2005)
Mycobacterial immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-1 infection after antiretroviral therapy is associated with deregulated specific T-cell responses: Beneficial effect of IL-2 and GM-CSF immunotherapyJournal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines, 3
M. Silva, M. Pacheco, B. Vaz (2006)
Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after antiretroviral treatment.AIDS, 20 3
P. Price, P. Price, N. Mathiot, N. Mathiot, R. Krueger, R. Krueger, S. Stone, S. Stone, N. Keane, N. Keane, M. French, M. French (2001)
Immune dysfunction and immune restoration disease in HIV patients given highly active antiretroviral therapy.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 22 3
J. Schiffer, T. Sterling (2007)
Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Tuberculosis Patients With AIDS: A Decision AnalysisJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 44
M. French (2007)
Disorders of immune reconstitution in patients with HIV infection responding to antiretroviral therapyCurrent HIV/AIDS Reports, 4
S. Lawn, L. Myer, L. Bekker, R. Wood (2007)
Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease: incidence, risk factors and impact in an antiretroviral treatment service in South AfricaAIDS, 21
S. Lawn, R. Wood (2007)
Optimum time to initiate antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis: there may be more than one right answer.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 46 1
F. Palella, Maria Deloria-Knoll, J. Chmiel, A. Moorman, K. Wood, A. Greenberg, S. Holmberg (2003)
Survival Benefit of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Persons in Different CD4+ Cell StrataAnnals of Internal Medicine, 138
L. Mtei, M. Matee, Oliver Herfort, M. Bakari, C. Horsburgh, R. Waddell, B. Cole, J. Vuola, S. Tvaroha, B. Kreiswirth, K. Pallangyo, C. Reyn (2005)
High rates of clinical and subclinical tuberculosis among HIV-infected ambulatory subjects in Tanzania.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 40 10
M. Narita, D. Ashkin, E. Hollender, A. Pitchenik (1998)
Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis following antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 158 1
(2004)
Immediate versus deferred ART in the setting of acute AIDS - related opportunistic infection : final results of a randomized strategy trial , ACTG A 5164 [ abstract ]
Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents
M. Corti, M. Villafañe, M. Ambroggi, M. Sawicki, E. Gancedo (2007)
Soft tissue abscess and lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium complex as an expression of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after a second scheme of highly active antiretroviral therapy.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 49 4
E. Lesho (2006)
Evidence base for using corticosteroids to treat HIV-associated immune reconstitution syndromeExpert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 4
H. Henderson, S. Mitchell (1999)
Treatment of immune recovery vitritis with local steroidsBritish Journal of Ophthalmology, 83
Interesting study showing the difficulty that may arise in differentiating cryptococcal meningitis relapse due to IRIS from that due to fluconazole resistance
A review of IRIS focusing on the pathogenesis, spectrum of clinical manifestations and management
B. Knysz, A. Gładysz (2007)
Immune reconstitution diseases: is it possible to establish recommendations?Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej, 61
P. Phillips, S. Bonner, N. Gataric, T. Bai, P. Wilcox, R. Hogg, M. O'Shaughnessy, J. Montaner (2005)
Nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV-infected patients: spectrum of disease and long-term follow-up.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 41 10
W. Burman, W. Burman, S. Weis, A. Vernon, Awal Khan, D. Benator, B. Jones, C. Silva, B. King, C. Lahart, B. Mangura, Michael Weiner, W. El-Sadr, W. El-Sadr (2007)
Frequency, severity and duration of immune reconstitution events in HIV-related tuberculosis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 11 12
R. D'Amico, S. Sarkar, J. Yusuff, E. Azar, D. Perlman (2007)
Immune reconstitution after potent antiretroviral therapy in AIDS patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyScandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 39
K. Wendel, K. Alwood, R. Gachuhi, R. Chaisson, W. Bishai, T. Sterling, T. Sterling (2001)
Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons.Chest, 120 1
A. Guex, H. Bucher, N. Demartines, U. Flückiger, M. Battegay (2002)
Inflammatory Bowel Perforation During Immune Restoration After One Year of Antiretroviral and Antituberculous Therapy in an HIV-1–Infected PatientDiseases of the Colon & Rectum, 45
C. Michailidis, A. Pozniak, S. Mandalia, S. Basnayake, M. Nelson, B. Gazzard (2005)
Clinical Characteristics of Iris Syndrome in Patients with HIV and TuberculosisAntiviral Therapy, 10
M. French, P. Price, S. Stone (2004)
Immune restoration disease after antiretroviral therapyAIDS, 18
I. Ratnam, C. Chiu, N. Kandala, P. Easterbrook (2006)
Incidence and risk factors for immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an ethnically diverse HIV type 1-infected cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 42 3
J. Graybill, J. Sobel, M. Saag, C. Horst, W. Powderly, G. Cloud, L. Riser, R. Hamill, W. Dismukes (2000)
Diagnosis and management of increased intracranial pressure in patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis. The NIAID Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Cooperative Treatment Groups.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 30 1
B. Mosimaneotsile, E. Talbot, T. Moeti, N. Hone, G. Moalosi, HJ Moffat, Ej Lee, Tanya Kenyon (2003)
Value of chest radiography in a tuberculosis prevention programme for HIV-infected people, BotswanaThe Lancet, 362
(2004)
A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of the use of prednisolone as an adjunct to treatment in HIV-1associated pleural tuberculosis
A. Brouwer, A. Rajanuwong, W. Chierakul, G. Griffin, R. Larsen, N. White, T. Harrison (2004)
Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trialThe Lancet, 363
M. Wislez, E. Bergot, M. Antoine, A. Parrot, M. Carette, C. Mayaud, J. Cadranel (2001)
Acute respiratory failure following HAART introduction in patients treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 164 5
K. Macsween, T. Bicanic, A. Brouwer, H. Marsh, D. Macallan, T. Harrison (2005)
Lumbar drainage for control of raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure in cryptococcal meningitis: case report and review.The Journal of infection, 51 4
D. Heiden, N. Ford, David Wilson, William Rodriguez, T. Margolis, B. Janssens, M. Bedelu, N. Tun, E. Goemaere, P. Saranchuk, K. Sabapathy, F. Smithuis, E. Luyirika, W. Drew (2007)
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: The Neglected Disease of the AIDS PandemicPLoS Medicine, 4
M. Hawken, L. Nganga, H. Meme, J. Chakaya, J. Porter (1999)
Is cough alone adequate to screen HIV-positive persons for tuberculosis preventive therapy in developing countries?The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 3 6
R. Micol, O. Lortholary, B. Sar, D. Laureillard, Chanchhaya Ngeth, Jean-Philippe Dousset, H. Chanroeun, L. Ferradini, P. Guérin, F. Dromer, A. Fontanet (2007)
Prevalence, Determinants of Positivity, and Clinical Utility of Cryptococcal Antigenemia in Cambodian HIV-Infected PatientsJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 45
J. Desimone, T. Babinchak, Kris Kaulback, R. Pomerantz (2003)
Treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution disease in HIV-1-infected individuals.AIDS patient care and STDs, 17 12
S. Lawn, L. Bekker, L. Myer, C. Orrell, R. Wood (2005)
Cryptococcocal immune reconstitution disease: a major cause of early mortality in a South African antiretroviral programme.AIDS, 19 17
P. Price, G. Morahan, Dexing Huang, E. Stone, K. Cheong, A. Castley, M. Rodgers, M. McIntyre, L. Abraham, M. French (2002)
Polymorphisms in cytokine genes define subpopulations of HIV-1 patients who experienced immune restoration diseasesAIDS, 16
M. Egger, M. May, G. Chêne, A. Phillips, B. Ledergerber, F. Dabis, D. Costagliola, A. Monforte, F. Wolf, P. Reiss, J. Lundgren, A. Justice, S. Staszewski, C. Leport, R. Hogg, C. Sabin, J. Gill, B. Salzberger, J. Sterne (2002)
Prognosis of HIV-1-infected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studiesThe Lancet, 360
T. Powles, C. Thirlwell, M. Nelson, M. Bower (2003)
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Mimicking Relapse of AIDS Related Lymphoma in Patients with HIV 1 InfectionLeukemia & Lymphoma, 44
(2006)
Chapter 16: opportunistic infections and HAART
J. Riddell, D. Kaul, P. Karakousis, J. Gallant, J. Mitty, P. Kazanjian (2007)
Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Long term outcomesJournal of Translational Medicine, 5
(2007)
AIDS Research and Therapy BioMed Central
O. Lortholary, A. Fontanet, N. Mémain, Antoine Martin, K. Sitbon, F. Dromer (2005)
Incidence and risk factors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome complicating HIV-associated cryptococcosis in FranceAIDS, 19
J. Robertson, Matthew Meier, J. Wall, Jun Ying, C. Fichtenbaum (2006)
Immune reconstitution syndrome in HIV: validating a case definition and identifying clinical predictors in persons initiating antiretroviral therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 42 11
A. Tunkel (2005)
Dexamethasone for treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adultsCurrent Infectious Disease Reports, 7
(2006)
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public healthy approach. 2006 revision. Geneva: World Health Organisation
Y. Manabe, J. Campbell, Emily Sydnor, Richard Moore (2007)
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Risk Factors and Treatment ImplicationsJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46
S. Swaminathan, C. Paramasivan, Sunil Kumar, Viswanathan Mohan, P. Venkatesan (2004)
Unrecognised tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: sputum culture is a useful tool.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 8 7
F. Mwaungulu, S. Floyd, A. Crampin, S. Kasimba, S. Malema, Huxley Kanyongoloka, A. Harries, J. Glynn, P. Fine (2004)
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduces mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis patients in Karonga District, Malawi.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 5
E. Navas, P. Martín-Dávila, L. Moreno, V. Pintado, J. Casado, J. Fortún, M. Pérez-Elías, E. Gómez-Mampaso, S. Moreno (2002)
Paradoxical reactions of tuberculosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who are treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.Archives of internal medicine, 162 1
A. Mohammed, R. Ehrlich, R. Wood, F. Cilliers, G. Maartens (2004)
Screening for tuberculosis in adults with advanced HIV infection prior to preventive therapy.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 8 6
A. Elliott, B. Halwiindi, A. Bagshawe, R. Hayes, N. Luo, J. Pobee, K. McAdam (1992)
Use of prednisolone in the treatment of HIV-positive tuberculosis patients.The Quarterly journal of medicine, 85 307-308
A. Bourgarit, G. Carcelain, V. Martinez, C. Lascoux, V. Delcey, B. Gicquel, E. Vicaut, P. Lagrange, D. Séréni, B. Autran (2006)
Explosion of tuberculin-specific Th1-responses induces immune restoration syndrome in tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patientsAIDS, 20
R. Breen, C. Smith, H. Bettinson, S. Dart, B. Bannister, Margaret Johnson, M. Lipman (2004)
Paradoxical reactions during tuberculosis treatment in patients with and without HIV co-infectionThorax, 59
(2001)
The good and evil of HAART in HIVrelated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
T. Khawcharoenporn, A. Apisarnthanarak, L. Mundy (2007)
Treatment of cryptococcosis in the setting of HIV coinfectionExpert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 5
M. Zegans, R. Walton, G. Holland, James O'Donnell, M. Jacobson, M. Jacobson, T. Margolis (1998)
Transient vitreous inflammatory reactions associated with combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis.American journal of ophthalmology, 125 3
N. Kumarasamy, S. Chaguturu, K. Mayer, S. Solomon, H. Yepthomi, P. Balakrishnan, T. Flanigan (2004)
Incidence of Immune Reconstitution Syndrome in HIV/Tuberculosis-Coinfected Patients After Initiation of Generic Antiretroviral Therapy in IndiaJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 37
Neil Goldsack, S. Allen, M. Lipman (2003)
Adult respiratory distress syndrome as a severe immune reconstitution disease following the commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapySexually Transmitted Infections, 79
S. Lawn, L. Bekker, Robert Miller (2005)
Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals.The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 5 6
Norbert Foudraine, E. Hovenkamp, D. Notermans, Pieter Meenhorst, Michèl Klein, J. Lange, Frank Miedema, Peter Reiss (1999)
Immunopathology as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients.AIDS, 13 2
R. Hogg, B. Yip, Keith Chan, E. Wood, K. Craib, M. O'Shaughnessy, J. Montaner (2001)
Rates of disease progression by baseline CD4 cell count and viral load after initiating triple-drug therapy.JAMA, 286 20
This study reported the incidence and risk factors for TB IRIS in a cART cohort in South Africa
A. Sotto, B. Guillot, M. Dandurand, J. Jourdan (1999)
Exacerbation of skin mycobacterial lesions under highly active antiretroviral therapy in an HIV-infected patient.AIDS, 13 13
E. Connick, M. Kane, Irene White, J. Ryder, T. Campbell (2004)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi sarcoma during potent antiretroviral therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 39 12
M. John, M. French (1998)
Exacerbation of the inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis after antiretroviral therapyMedical Journal of Australia, 169
A. Weir, M. Wansbrough-Jones (1997)
Mucosal Kaposi's sarcoma following protease inhibitor therapy in an HIV-infected patient.AIDS, 11 15
H. McIlleron, P. Wash, A. Burger, J. Norman, P. Folb, Peter Smith (2006)
Determinants of Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol Pharmacokinetics in a Cohort of Tuberculosis PatientsAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50
Fabian Chen, S. Day, R. Metcalfe, G. Sethi, M. Kapembwa, M. Brook, D. Churchill, A. Ruiter, S. Robinson, C. Lacey, A. Weetman (2005)
Characteristics of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Occurring as a Late Complication of Immune Reconstitution in Patients With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) DiseaseMedicine, 84
S. Lawn, R. Wood (2007)
Hepatic involvement with tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution disease.AIDS, 21 17
J. Boelaert, K. Goddeeris, L. Vanopdenbosch, J. Casselman (2004)
Relapsing meningitis caused by persistent cryptococcal antigens and immune reconstitution after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy.AIDS, 18 8
Elizabeth Race, J. Adelson-Mitty, Gila Kriegel, T. Barlam, K. Reimann, N. Letvin, A. Japour (1998)
Focal mycobacterial lymphadenitis following initiation of protease-inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced HIV-1 diseaseThe Lancet, 351
R. Wood, K. Middelkoop, L. Myer, A. Grant, A. Whitelaw, S. Lawn, G. Kaplan, R. Huebner, J. McIntyre, L. Bekker (2007)
Undiagnosed tuberculosis in a community with high HIV prevalence: implications for tuberculosis control.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 175 1
N. Kumarasamy, K. Venkatesh, B. Devaleenal, A. Cecelia, T. Yepthomi, S. Saghayam, S. Solomon, K. Mayer (2007)
Opportunities and options for the use of protease inhibitors in a resource-poor setting: experiences from southern India.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 46 1
Review that highlights the gaps that exist in the evidence base regarding the management of TB-HIV co-infection and the clinical trials that are ongoing in this regard
G. Rajeswaran, Janek Becker, C. Michailidis, A. Pozniak, S. Padley (2006)
The radiology of IRIS (immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) in patients with mycobacterial tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: Appearances in 11 patients.Clinical radiology, 61 10
Prevention and treatment of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome a,b c Graeme Meintjes and Lut Lynen Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Purpose of review Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of b The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome occurs in a proportion of HIV- Cape Town, GF Jooste Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa and Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical infected patients initiated on combination antiretroviral therapy and results from Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium dysregulated inflammatory responses driven by the recovering immune system. Infective Correspondence to Graeme Meintjes, GF Jooste forms may manifest as the unmasking of preexisting untreated opportunistic Hospital, Duinefontein Road, Manenberg, 7764, infections or the paradoxical clinical deterioration of appropriately treated opportunistic South Africa Tel: +27 21 6901000; fax: +27 21 6920289; infections. The prevention and treatment of this condition is the focus of much e-mail: graemein@mweb.co.za research attention, which is the scope of this review. Recent findings Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2008, 3:468– Approaches to prevention are informed by studies that have reported on risk factors, particularly those that are modifiable. Two key ongoing research issues are optimal screening for opportunistic infections prior to combination antiretroviral therapy in order to prevent unmasking forms and the
Current Opinion in HIV and Aids – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Jul 1, 2008
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.