Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
J. Casazza, M. Betts, D. Price, M. Precopio, Laura Ruff, J. Brenchley, Brenna Hill, M. Roederer, D. Douek, R. Koup (2006)
Acquisition of direct antiviral effector functions by CMV-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes with cellular maturationThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 203
H. Fried (2007)
Upregulation of CTLA-4 by HIV-specific CD4+ T cells correlates with disease progression and defines a reversible immune dysfunction, 20
R. Lier, I. Berge, L. Gamadia (2003)
Human CD8+ T-cell differentiation in response to virusesNature Reviews Immunology, 3
C. Petrovas, J. Casazza, J. Brenchley, D. Price, E. Gostick, W. Adams, M. Precopio, T. Schacker, M. Roederer, D. Douek, R. Koup (2006)
PD-1 is a regulator of virus-specific CD8+ T cell survival in HIV infectionThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 203
E. Wherry, C. Day, R. Draenert, Joseph Miller, P. Kiepiela, T. Woodberry, C. Brander, M. Addo, P. Klenerman, R. Ahmed, Bruce Walker (2006)
HIV-specific CD8 T cells express low levels of IL-7Ralpha: implications for HIV-specific T cell memory.Virology, 353 2
E. Boritz, B. Palmer, Cara Wilson (2004)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Specific CD4+ T Cells That Proliferate In Vitro Detected in Samples from Most Viremic Subjects and Inversely Associated with Plasma HIV-1 LevelsJournal of Virology, 78
C. Hess, M. Altfeld, Seddon Thomas, M. Addo, E. Rosenberg, Todd Allen, R. Draenert, Robert Eldrige, J. Lunzen, H. Stellbrink, B. Walker, A. Luster (2004)
HIV-1 specific CD8+ T cells with an effector phenotype and control of viral replicationThe Lancet, 363
A. Harari, Florence Vallelian, P. Meylan, G. Pantaleo (2005)
Functional Heterogeneity of Memory CD4 T Cell Responses in Different Conditions of Antigen Exposure and Persistence1The Journal of Immunology, 174
P. Goulder, R. Phillips, R. Colbert, S. McAdam, G. Ogg, M. Nowak, P. Giangrande, G. Luzzi, Barbara Morgana, A. Edwards, A. McMichael, S. Rowland-Jones (1997)
Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDSNature Medicine, 3
G. Pantaleo, R. Koup (2004)
Correlates of immune protection in HIV-1 infection: what we know, what we don't know, what we should knowNature Medicine, 10
E. Leeuwen, G. Bree, I. Berge, R. Lier (2006)
Human virus‐specific CD8+ T cells: diversity specialistsImmunological Reviews, 211
A. Hoji, N. Connolly, William Buchanan, C. Rinaldo (2006)
CD27 and CD57 Expression Reveals Atypical Differentiation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific Memory CD8+ T CellsClinical and Vaccine Immunology, 14
Similar to other studies [65 ,67 ] it found that PD-1 is upregulated on HIV-specific CD8 þ T cells, and causes functional and proliferative defects that can be reversed upon blockade
S. Kannanganat, C. Ibegbu, L. Chennareddi, H. Robinson, R. Amara (2007)
Multiple-Cytokine-Producing Antiviral CD4 T Cells Are Functionally Superior to Single-Cytokine-Producing CellsJournal of Virology, 81
J. Brenchley, Laura Ruff, J. Casazza, R. Koup, D. Price, D. Douek (2006)
Preferential Infection Shortens the Life Span of Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus-Specific CD4+ T Cells In VivoJournal of Virology, 80
S. Zimmerli, A. Harari, C. Cellerai, Florence Vallelian, P. Bart, G. Pantaleo (2005)
HIV-1-specific IFN-gamma/IL-2-secreting CD8 T cells support CD4-independent proliferation of HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 20
S. Migueles, Alisha Laborico, W. Shupert, M. Sabbaghian, R. Rabin, C. Hallahan, D. Baarle, S. Kostense, F. Miedema, M. McLaughlin, L. Ehler, J. Metcalf, Shuying Liu, M. Connors (2002)
HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation is coupled to perforin expression and is maintained in nonprogressorsNature Immunology, 3
R. Seder, R. Ahmed (2003)
Similarities and differences in CD4+ and CD8+ effector and memory T cell generationNature Immunology, 4
Y. Priol, D. Puthier, C. Lécureuil, C. Combadière, P. Debré, C. Nguyen, B. Combadière (2006)
High Cytotoxic and Specific Migratory Potencies of Senescent CD8+CD57+ Cells in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Individuals1The Journal of Immunology, 177
M. Betts, M. Nason, S. West, S. Rosa, S. Migueles, J. Abraham, M. Lederman, J. Benito, P. Goepfert, M. Connors, M. Roederer, R. Koup (2006)
HIV nonprogressors preferentially maintain highly functional HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.Blood, 107 12
H. Takata, M. Takiguchi (2006)
Three Memory Subsets of Human CD8+ T Cells Differently Expressing Three Cytolytic Effector Molecules1The Journal of Immunology, 177
G. Pantaleo, A. Harari (2006)
Functional signatures in antiviral T-cell immunity for monitoring virus-associated diseasesNature Reviews Immunology, 6
M. Betts, J. Brenchley, D. Price, S. Rosa, D. Douek, M. Roederer, R. Koup (2003)
Sensitive and viable identification of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by a flow cytometric assay for degranulation.Journal of immunological methods, 281 1-2
David Price, P. Goulder, P. Klenerman, A. Sewell, P. Easterbrook, M. Troop, C. Bangham, R. Phillips (1997)
Positive selection of HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variants during primary infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94 5
J. Brenchley, N. Karandikar, M. Betts, D. Ambrozak, Brenna Hill, L. Crotty, J. Casazza, J. Kuruppu, S. Migueles, M. Connors, M. Roederer, D. Douek, R. Koup (2003)
Expression of CD 57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD 8 T cells
J. Tilton, M. Luskin, Alison Johnson, M. Manion, C. Hallahan, J. Metcalf, M. McLaughlin, R. Davey, M. Connors (2006)
Changes in Paracrine Interleukin-2 Requirement, CCR7 Expression, Frequency, and Cytokine Secretion of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Are a Consequence of Antigen LoadJournal of Virology, 81
B. Thiers (2008)
Multifunctional TH1 cells define a correlate of vaccine-mediated protection against Leishmania majorYearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, 2008
A. Harari, P. Bart, W. Stöhr, Gonzalo Tapia, Miguel García, Emmanuelle Medjitna-Rais, Séverine Burnet, C. Cellerai, O. Erlwein, T. Barber, C. Moog, P. Liljestrom, R. Wagner, H. Wolf, J. Kraehenbuhl, M. Esteban, J. Heeney, M. Frachette, J. Tartaglia, S. McCormack, A. Babiker, J. Weber, G. Pantaleo (2008)
An HIV-1 clade C DNA prime, NYVAC boost vaccine regimen induces reliable, polyfunctional, and long-lasting T cell responsesThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 205
M. Betts, D. Ambrozak, D. Douek, S. Bonhoeffer, J. Brenchley, J. Casazza, R. Koup, L. Picker (2001)
Analysis of Total Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Responses: Relationship to Viral Load in Untreated HIV InfectionJournal of Virology, 75
A. Harari, V. Dutoit, C. Cellerai, P. Bart, R. Pasquier, G. Pantaleo (2006)
Functional signatures of protective antiviral T‐cell immunity in human virus infectionsImmunological Reviews, 211
J. Almeida, D. Price, L. Papagno, Z. Arkoub, D. Sauce, E. Bornstein, Tedi Asher, A. Samri, A. Schnuriger, I. Theodorou, D. Costagliola, C. Rouzioux, H. Agut, A. Marcelin, D. Douek, B. Autran, V. Appay (2007)
Superior control of HIV-1 replication by CD8+ T cells is reflected by their avidity, polyfunctionality, and clonal turnoverThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204
M. Paiardini, B. Cervasi, H. Albrecht, A. Muthukumar, R. Dunham, S. Gordon, H. Radziewicz, G. Piedimonte, M. Magnani, M. Montroni, S. Kaech, A. Weintrob, J. Altman, D. Sodora, M. Feinberg, G. Silvestri (2005)
Loss of CD127 Expression Defines an Expansion of Effector CD8+ T Cells in HIV-Infected Individuals1The Journal of Immunology, 174
P. Chattopadhyay, D. Price, T. Harper, M. Betts, Joanne Yu, E. Gostick, S. Perfetto, P. Goepfert, R. Koup, S. Rosa, M. Bruchez, M. Roederer (2006)
Quantum dot semiconductor nanocrystals for immunophenotyping by polychromatic flow cytometryNature Medicine, 12
D. Sauce, J. Almeida, M. Larsen, L. Haro, B. Autran, G. Freeman, V. Appay (2007)
PD-1 expression on human CD8 T cells depends on both state of differentiation and activation statusAIDS, 21
M. Genescà, Tracy Rourke, Jun Li, Kristen Bost, B. Chohan, M. McChesney, C. Miller (2007)
Live Attenuated Lentivirus Infection Elicits Polyfunctional Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Specific CD8+ T Cells with Reduced Apoptotic Susceptibility in Rhesus Macaques that Control Virus Replication after Challenge with Pathogenic SIVmac2391The Journal of Immunology, 179
P. Champagne, G. Ogg, A. King, C. Knabenhans, K. Ellefsen, M. Nobile, V. Appay, G. Rizzardi, S. Fleury, M. Lipp, R. Förster, S. Rowland-Jones, R. Sékaly, A. McMichael, G. Pantaleo (2001)
Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytesNature, 410
M. Dalod, Marion Dupuis, J. Deschemin, D. Sicard, D. Salmon, J. Delfraissy, A. Venet, M. Sinet, J. Guillet (1999)
Broad, Intense Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ex Vivo CD8+ Responses in HIV Type 1-Infected Patients: Comparison with Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus Responses and Changes during Antiretroviral TherapyJournal of Virology, 73
A. Harari, G. Rizzardi, K. Ellefsen, D. Ciuffreda, P. Champagne, P. Bart, D. Kaufmann, A. Telenti, R. Sahli, G. Tambussi, L. Kaiser, A. Lazzarin, L. Perrin, G. Pantaleo (2002)
Analysis of HIV-1- and CMV-specific memory CD4 T-cell responses during primary and chronic infection.Blood, 100 4
This study highlighted that CMV specific CD4 þ T cells have very a very different functional and phenotypic profile compared to CD4 þ T cells specific for other viruses
A. Harari, C. Cellerai, F. Enders, J. Köstler, L. Codarri, Gonzalo Tapia, O. Boyman, E. Castro, S. Gaudieri, I. James, M. John, R. Wagner, S. Mallal, G. Pantaleo (2007)
Skewed association of polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations with HLA-B genotypeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104
Souheil-Antoine Younes, B. Yassine-Diab, A. Dumont, M. Boulassel, Z. Grossman, J. Routy, R. Sékaly (2003)
HIV-1 Viremia Prevents the Establishment of Interleukin 2–producing HIV-specific Memory CD4+ T Cells Endowed with Proliferative CapacityThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 198
V. Appay, L. Papagno, C. Spina, P. Hansasuta, A. King, L. Jones, G. Ogg, S. Little, A. McMichael, D. Richman, S. Rowland-Jones (2002)
Dynamics of T Cell Responses in HIV Infection1The Journal of Immunology, 168
P. Wolint, M. Betts, R. Koup, A. Oxenius (2004)
Immediate Cytotoxicity But Not Degranulation Distinguishes Effector and Memory Subsets of CD8+ T CellsThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 199
P. Norris, H. Moffett, O. Yang, D. Kaufmann, M. Clark, M. Addo, E. Rosenberg (2004)
Beyond Help: Direct Effector Functions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD4+ T CellsJournal of Virology, 78
J. Gea-Banacloche, S. Migueles, Lisa Martino, W. Shupert, Andrew McNeil, M. Sabbaghian, L. Ehler, C. Prussin, R. Stevens, L. Lambert, J. Altman, C. Hallahan, J. Quirós, M. Connors (2000)
Maintenance of Large Numbers of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in HIV-Infected Progressors and Long-Term NonprogressorsThe Journal of Immunology, 165
A. Lanzavecchia, F. Sallusto (2005)
Understanding the generation and function of memory T cell subsets.Current opinion in immunology, 17 3
J. Andersson, S. Kinloch, A. Sönnerborg, J. Nilsson, T. Fehniger, A. Spetz, H. Behbahani, L. Goh, H. McDade, B. Gazzard, H. Stellbrink, D. Cooper, L. Perrin (2002)
Low levels of perforin expression in CD8+ T lymphocyte granules in lymphoid tissue during acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.The Journal of infectious diseases, 185 9
J. Schmitz, M. Kuroda, S. Santra, V. Sasseville, M. Simon, M. Lifton, P. Rácz, K. Tenner‐Racz, M. Dalesandro, Bernhard Scallon, J. Ghrayeb, M. Forman, D. Montefiori, E. Rieber, N. Letvin, K. Reimann (1999)
Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes.Science, 283 5403
S. Rosa, F. Lu, Joanne Yu, S. Perfetto, J. Falloon, S. Moser, Thomas Evans, R. Koup, C. Miller, M. Roederer (2004)
Vaccination in Humans Generates Broad T Cell Cytokine Responses1The Journal of Immunology, 173
A. Harari, S. Petitpierre, Florence Vallelian, G. Pantaleo (2004)
Skewed representation of functionally distinct populations of virus-specific CD4 T cells in HIV-1-infected subjects with progressive disease: changes after antiretroviral therapy.Blood, 103 3
Christiana Iyasere, J. Tilton, Alison Johnson, Souheil-Antoine Younes, B. Yassine-Diab, R. Sékaly, W. Kwok, S. Migueles, Alisha Laborico, W. Shupert, C. Hallahan, R. Davey, M. Dybul, S. Vogel, J. Metcalf, M. Connors (2003)
Diminished Proliferation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Is Associated with Diminished Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Production and Is Recovered by Exogenous IL-2Journal of Virology, 77
S. Kaech, Joyce Tan, E. Wherry, B. Konieczny, C. Surh, R. Ahmed (2003)
Selective expression of the interleukin 7 receptor identifies effector CD8 T cells that give rise to long-lived memory cellsNature Immunology, 4
L. Picker, M. Singh, Z. Zdraveski, J. Treer, S. Waldrop, P. Bergstresser, V. Maino (1995)
Direct demonstration of cytokine synthesis heterogeneity among human memory/effector T cells by flow cytometry.Blood, 86 4
B. Emu, E. Sinclair, D. Favre, Walter Moretto, P. Hsue, R. Hoh, Jeffrey Martin, D. Nixon, J. McCune, S. Deeks (2005)
Phenotypic, Functional, and Kinetic Parameters Associated with Apparent T-Cell Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in Individuals with and without Antiretroviral TreatmentJournal of Virology, 79
G. Ogg, Xia Jin, S. Bonhoeffer, P. Dunbar, M. Nowak, S. Monard, J. Segal, Yun-zhen Cao, S. Rowland-Jones, V. Cerundolo, A. Hurley, M. Markowitz, D. Ho, D. Nixon, A. McMichael (1998)
Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA.Science, 279 5359
B. Palmer, E. Boritz, Cara Wilson (2004)
Effects of Sustained HIV-1 Plasma Viremia on HIV-1 Gag-Specific CD4+ T Cell Maturation and Function1The Journal of Immunology, 172
L. Trautmann, L. Janbazian, N. Chomont, E. Said, S. Gimmig, B. Bessette, M. Boulassel, E. Delwart, H. Sepulveda, R. Balderas, J. Routy, E. Haddad, R. Sékaly (2006)
Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunctionNature Medicine, 12
V. Appay, P. Dunbar, M. Callan, P. Klenerman, Geraldine Gillespie, L. Papagno, Graham Ogg, A. King, F. Lechner, C Spina, S. Little, D. Havlir, D. Richman, N. Gruener, G. Pape, A. Waters, P. Easterbrook, M. Salio, V. Cerundolo, Andrew McMichael, Sarah Rowland-Jones (2002)
Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infectionsNature Medicine, 8
V. Appay, D. Nixon, S. Donahoe, G. Gillespie, T. Dong, A. King, G. Ogg, H. Spiegel, C. Conlon, C. Spina, D. Havlir, D. Richman, A. Waters, P. Easterbrook, A. McMichael, S. Rowland-Jones (2000)
HIV-Specific Cd8+ T Cells Produce Antiviral Cytokines but Are Impaired in Cytolytic FunctionThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 192
E. Wherry, C. Day, R. Draenert, Joseph Miller, P. Kiepiela, T. Woodberry, C. Brander, M. Addo, P. Klenerman, R. Ahmed, B. Walker
HIV-specific CD 8 T cells express low levels of IL-7 R alpha : Implications for HIV-specific T cell memory
H. Horton, Evan Thomas, J. Stucky, I. Frank, Z. Moodie, Yunda Huang, Y. Chiu, M. McElrath, M. McElrath, Stephen Rosa, Stephen Rosa (2007)
Optimization and validation of an 8-color intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay to quantify antigen-specific T cells induced by vaccination.Journal of immunological methods, 323 1
C. Day, D. Kaufmann, P. Kiepiela, Julia Brown, Eshia Moodley, S. Reddy, Elizabeth Mackey, Joseph Miller, A. Leslie, Chantal DePierres, Z. Mncube, Jaikumar Duraiswamy, Baogong Zhu, Q. Eichbaum, M. Altfeld, E. Wherry, H. Coovadia, P. Goulder, P. Goulder, P. Goulder, P. Klenerman, R. Ahmed, G. Freeman, B. Walker, B. Walker, B. Walker (2006)
PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progressionNature, 443
J. Brenchley, N. Karandikar, M. Betts, D. Ambrozak, Brenna Hill, L. Crotty, J. Casazza, J. Kuruppu, S. Migueles, M. Connors, M. Roederer, D. Douek, R. Koup (2003)
Expression of CD57 defines replicative senescence and antigen-induced apoptotic death of CD8+ T cells.Blood, 101 7
M. Kwissa, R. Amara, H. Robinson, B. Moss, S. Alkan, Abdul Jabbar, F. Villinger, B. Pulendran (2007)
Adjuvanting a DNA vaccine with a TLR9 ligand plus Flt3 ligand results in enhanced cellular immunity against the simian immunodeficiency virusThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204
D. Hamann, P. Baars, B. Hooibrink, S. Kerkhof-Garde, M. Klein, R. Lier (1997)
Phenotypic and functional separation of memory and effector human CD 8 + T cells
M. Betts, D. Price, J. Brenchley, K. Loré, F. Guenaga, A. Smed-Sörensen, D. Ambrozak, S. Migueles, M. Connors, M. Roederer, D. Douek, R. Koup (2004)
The Functional Profile of Primary Human Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Effector Activity Is Dictated by Cognate Peptide ConcentrationThe Journal of Immunology, 172
D. Douek, J. Brenchley, M. Betts, D. Ambrozak, Brenna Hill, Y. Okamoto, J. Casazza, J. Kuruppu, K. Kunstman, Steven Wolinsky, Z. Grossman, M. Dybul, A. Oxenius, D. Price, M. Connors, R. Koup (2002)
HIV preferentially infects HIV-specific CD4+ T cellsNature, 417
Xia Jin, Daniel Bauer, Sarah Tuttleton, S. Lewin, A. Gettie, J. Blanchard, C. Irwin, J. Safrit, J. Mittler, L. Weinberger, L. Kostrikis, Linqi Zhang, A. Perelson, D. Ho (1999)
Dramatic Rise in Plasma Viremia after CD8+ T Cell Depletion in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–infected MacaquesThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 189
P. Goulder, Andrew Sewell, D. Lalloo, David Price, J. Whelan, J. Evans, Graham Taylor, G. Luzzi, Paul Giangrande, Rodney Phillips, Andrew McMichael (1997)
Patterns of Immunodominance in HIV-1–specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses in Two Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)-identical Siblings with HLA-A*0201 Are Influenced by Epitope MutationThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 185
D. Price, J. Brenchley, Laura Ruff, M. Betts, Brenna Hill, M. Roederer, R. Koup, S. Migueles, E. Gostick, L. Wooldridge, A. Sewell, M. Connors, D. Douek (2005)
Avidity for antigen shapes clonal dominance in CD8+ T cell populations specific for persistent DNA virusesThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 202
D. Hamann, P. Baars, M. Rep, B. Hooibrink, S. Kerkhof-Garde, M. Klein, R. Lier (1997)
Phenotypic and Functional Separation of Memory and Effector Human CD8+ T CellsThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 186
J. Critchfield, D. Lemongello, Digna Walker, Juan Garcia, D. Asmuth, Richard Pollard, B. Shacklett (2007)
Multifunctional Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Gag-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Rectal Mucosa and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells during Chronic HIV Type 1 InfectionJournal of Virology, 81
M. Precopio, M. Betts, J. Parrino, D. Price, E. Gostick, D. Ambrozak, Tedi Asher, D. Douek, A. Harari, G. Pantaleo, R. Bailer, B. Graham, M. Roederer, R. Koup (2007)
Immunization with vaccinia virus induces polyfunctional and phenotypically distinctive CD8+ T cell responsesThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204
T. Kuijpers, Mireille Vossen, M. Gent, J. Davin, M. Roos, P. Dillen, J. Weel, P. Baars, R. Lier (2003)
Frequencies of Circulating Cytolytic, CD45RA+CD27−, CD8+ T Lymphocytes Depend on Infection with CMV1The Journal of Immunology, 170
Eric Mallard, F. Vernel-Pauillac, T. Velu, F. Lehmann, J. Abastado, M. Salcedo, N. Bercovici (2004)
IL-2 Production by Virus- and Tumor-Specific Human CD8 T Cells Is Determined by Their Fine Specificity1The Journal of Immunology, 172
P. Romero, A. Zippelius, I. Kurth, M. Pittet, C. Touvrey, Emanuela Iancu, P. Corthésy, Estelle Devêvre, D. Speiser, N. Rufer (2007)
Four Functionally Distinct Populations of Human Effector-Memory CD8+ T Lymphocytes1The Journal of Immunology, 178
Phenotype and function of protective T cell immune responses in HIV a b Michael R. Betts and Alexandre Harari Department of Microbiology, University of Purpose of review Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA and b Definition of T cell immune correlates in HIV infection remains a lofty goal towards our Laboratory of AIDS Immunopathogenesis, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of understanding of the HIV-specific immune response. This review will focus upon recent Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, developments and controversies in our understanding of protective T cell responses University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland against HIV. Correspondence to Michael R. Betts, Department of Recent findings Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA It has become clear that multiple functions and phenotypic markers of T cells must be Tel: +1 215 573 2773; þ þ assessed to accurately characterize the complexity of CD4 and CD8 T cell e-mail: betts@mail.med.upenn.edu responses. While evidence indicates that a hallmark of protective immune responses in HIV infection is the presence of ‘polyfunctional’ T cell responses, a disconnect remains Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2008, 3:349– between the function and phenotype of effective HIV-specific T cells. Moreover, there may be inherent differences in the ability
Current Opinion in HIV and Aids – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: May 1, 2008
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.