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- Copyright
- © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- ISSN
- 1746-630X
- eISSN
- 1746-6318
- DOI
- 10.1097/COH.0000000000000027
- pmid
- 24247666
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
REVIEW URRENT Immediate antiretroviral therapy in young PINION HIV-infected children: benefits and risks Intira J. Collins, Ali Judd, and Diana M. Gibb Purpose of review Recent WHO guidelines recommend immediate initiation of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) in all children below 5 years, irrespective of immune/clinical status, to improve access to paediatric ART. Interim trial results provide strong evidence for immediate ART during infancy because of high short-term risk of mortality and disease progression, but there is wider debate regarding the potential risks and benefits of immediate ART in asymptomatic children aged above 1 year. Concerns include long-term toxicities and treatment failure, particularly in resource-constrained settings with limited paediatric treatment options. Recent findings Benefits of immediate ART among infants appear to be maintained in the mid-term to long-term, with low risk of treatment failure, and better neurodevelopmental outcomes. In contrast, a trial reported no benefits of immediate versus deferred ART in asymptomatic children aged above 1 year. However, observational studies suggest that ART initiation at older ages and lower CD4 reduces the probability of immune reconstitution, with unclear implications on risk of clinical events or treatment change. A recent trial on treatment interruption following early intensive ART suggest that this
Journal
Current Opinion in HIV and Aids – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Jan 1, 2014