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HIV enteropathy and aging gastrointestinal immunity, mucosal epithelial barrier, and microbial translocation

HIV enteropathy and aging gastrointestinal immunity, mucosal epithelial barrier, and microbial... REVIEW URRENT HIV enteropathy and aging: gastrointestinal PINION immunity, mucosal epithelial barrier, and microbial translocation Hongyin Wang and Donald P. Kotler Purpose of review Despite decreases in morbidity and mortality as a result of antiretroviral therapy, gastrointestinal dysfunction remains common in HIV infection. Treated patients are at risk for complications of ‘premature’ aging, such as cardiovascular disease, osteopenia, neurocognitive decline, malignancies, and frailty. This review summarizes recent observations in this field. Recent findings Mucosal CD4 lymphocytes, especially Th17 cells, are depleted in acute HIV and simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) infections, although other cell types also are affected. Reconstitution during therapy often is incomplete, especially in mucosa. Mucosal barrier function is affected by both HIV infection and aging and includes paracellular transport via tight junctions and uptake through areas of apoptosis; other factors may affect systemic antigen exposure. The resultant microbial translocation is associated with systemic immune activation in HIV and SIV infections. There is evidence of immune activation and microbial translocation in the elderly. The immune phenotypes of immunosenescence in HIV infection and aging appear similar. There are several targets for intervention; blockage of residual mucosal virus replication, preventing antigen uptake, modulating the microbiome, improving T cell recovery, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Current Opinion in HIV and Aids Wolters Kluwer Health

HIV enteropathy and aging gastrointestinal immunity, mucosal epithelial barrier, and microbial translocation

Current Opinion in HIV and Aids , Volume 9 (4) – Jul 1, 2014

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Copyright
© 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISSN
1746-630X
eISSN
1746-6318

Abstract

REVIEW URRENT HIV enteropathy and aging: gastrointestinal PINION immunity, mucosal epithelial barrier, and microbial translocation Hongyin Wang and Donald P. Kotler Purpose of review Despite decreases in morbidity and mortality as a result of antiretroviral therapy, gastrointestinal dysfunction remains common in HIV infection. Treated patients are at risk for complications of ‘premature’ aging, such as cardiovascular disease, osteopenia, neurocognitive decline, malignancies, and frailty. This review summarizes recent observations in this field. Recent findings Mucosal CD4 lymphocytes, especially Th17 cells, are depleted in acute HIV and simian immune deficiency virus (SIV) infections, although other cell types also are affected. Reconstitution during therapy often is incomplete, especially in mucosa. Mucosal barrier function is affected by both HIV infection and aging and includes paracellular transport via tight junctions and uptake through areas of apoptosis; other factors may affect systemic antigen exposure. The resultant microbial translocation is associated with systemic immune activation in HIV and SIV infections. There is evidence of immune activation and microbial translocation in the elderly. The immune phenotypes of immunosenescence in HIV infection and aging appear similar. There are several targets for intervention; blockage of residual mucosal virus replication, preventing antigen uptake, modulating the microbiome, improving T cell recovery,

Journal

Current Opinion in HIV and AidsWolters Kluwer Health

Published: Jul 1, 2014

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