Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Celum, A. Wald, J. Hughes, Jorge Sanchez, S. Reid, S. Delany-Moretlwe, F. Cowan, M. Casapia, Abner Ortiz, J. Fuchs, S. Buchbinder, B. Koblin, S. Zwerski, S. Rose, Jing Wang, L. Corey (2008)
Effect of aciclovir on HIV-1 acquisition in herpes simplex virus 2 seropositive women and men who have sex with men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialThe Lancet, 371
R. Soto, A. Ghee, C. Núñez, R. Mayorga, K. Tapia, S. Astete, J. Hughes, A. Buffardi, S. Holte, K. Holmes (2007)
Sentinel Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV and Risk Behaviors in Vulnerable Populations in 5 Central American CountriesJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46
Y. Kruglov, Y. Kobyshcha, T. Salyuk, O. Varetska, A. Shakarishvili, V. Saldanha, Y. Kruglov (2008)
The most severe HIV epidemic in Europe: Ukraine’s national HIV prevalence estimates for 2007Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84
D. Butler, Davey Smith (2007)
Serosorting can potentially increase HIV transmissionsAIDS, 21
R. Granich, C. Gilks, C. Dye, K. Cock, B. Williams (2009)
Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical modelThe Lancet, 373
H. Hall, R. Song, P. Rhodes, J. Prejean, Qian An, Lisa Lee, J. Karon, R. Brookmeyer, E. Kaplan, M. McKenna, R. Janssen (2008)
Estimation of HIV incidence in the United States.JAMA, 300 5
(2007)
This study of female sex workers in Kenya showed that HIV superinfection may occur up to 5 years after primary infection
M. Boily, R. Baggaley, Lei Wang, B. Mâsse, R. White, R. Hayes, M. Alary (2009)
Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 9 2
Observational data indicated that ART use reduced HIV transmission in HIVdiscordant couples in Africa by 79%
N. Nagelkerke, S. Vlas, P. Jha, M. Luo, F. Plummer, R. Kaul (2009)
Heterogeneity in host HIV susceptibility as a potential contributor to recent HIV prevalence declines in AfricaAIDS, 23
C. Willberg, J. McConnell, E. Eriksson, L. Bragg, V. York, T. Liegler, F. Hecht, R. Grant, D. Nixon, Susan Ross (2008)
Immunity to HIV-1 Is Influenced by Continued Natural Exposure to Exogenous VirusPLoS Pathogens, 4
A mathematical modeling study concluded that there was substantial onward transmission from each stage of HIV infection in two African cities
D. Kirby (2008)
Changes in sexual behaviour leading to the decline in the prevalence of HIV in Uganda: confirmation from multiple sources of evidenceSexually Transmitted Infections, 84
(2006)
HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe: end-year report
D. Butler, Davey Smith, E. Cachay, George Hightower, C. Nugent, D. Richman, S. Little (2008)
Herpes simplex virus 2 serostatus and viral loads of HIV-1 in blood and semen as risk factors for HIV transmission among men who have sex with menAIDS, 22
L. Johnson, D. Lewis (2008)
The Effect of Genital Tract Infections on HIV-1 Shedding in the Genital Tract: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisSexually Transmitted Diseases, 35
Davey Smith, J. Wong, George Hightower, C. Ignacio, K. Koelsch, E. Daar, D. Richman, S. Little (2004)
Incidence of HIV superinfection following primary infection.JAMA, 292 10
T. Eisele, C. Mathews, M. Chopra, M. Lurie, L. Brown, S. Dewing, C. Kendall (2009)
Changes in Risk Behavior Among HIV-Positive Patients During Their First Year of Antiretroviral Therapy in Cape Town South AfricaAIDS and Behavior, 13
D. Walque (2007)
Sero‐Discordant Couples in Five African Countries: Implications for Prevention StrategiesPopulation and Development Review, 33
A. Piantadosi, Bhavna Chohan, Bhavna Chohan, Vrasha Chohan, R. McClelland, R. McClelland, J. Overbaugh, J. Overbaugh (2007)
Chronic HIV-1 Infection Frequently Fails to Protect against SuperinfectionPLoS Pathogens, 3
Herpes simplex virus type 2 ( HSV - 2 ) suppression to prevent HIV transmission
L. Abu-Raddad, A. Magaret, C. Celum, A. Wald, I. Longini, S. Self, L. Corey (2008)
Genital Herpes Has Played a More Important Role than Any Other Sexually Transmitted Infection in Driving HIV Prevalence in AfricaPLoS ONE, 3
F. Lewis, G. Hughes, A. Rambaut, A. Pozniak, A. Brown (2008)
Episodic Sexual Transmission of HIV Revealed by Molecular PhylodynamicsPLoS Medicine, 5
J. Grobler, C. Gray, Cecilia Rademeyer, C. Seoighe, G. Ramjee, S. Karim, L. Morris, C. Williamson (2004)
Incidence of HIV-1 dual infection and its association with increased viral load set point in a cohort of HIV-1 subtype C-infected female sex workers.The Journal of infectious diseases, 190 7
David Holtgrave, H. Hall, P. Rhodes, R. Wolitski (2009)
Updated annual HIV transmission rates in the United States, 1977-2006.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 50 2
B. Pol, C. Kwok, B. Pierre-Louis, Anne Rinaldi, R. Salata, Pai-Lien Chen, J. Wijgert, F. Mmiro, R. Mugerwa, T. Chipato, C. Morrison (2008)
Trichomonas vaginalis infection and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in African women.The Journal of infectious diseases, 197 4
Reduction of HIV transmission risk and high risk sex while prescribed ART: results from discordant couples in Rwanda and Zambia
Lisa Eaton, S. Kalichman, Demetria Cain, Chauncey Cherry, Heidi Stearns, Christina Amaral, Jody Flanagan, H. Pope (2007)
Serosorting sexual partners and risk for HIV among men who have sex with men.American journal of preventive medicine, 33 6
A study of HIV-exposed heterosexual African-American men indicated that male circumcision reduced their risk of HIV infection by 51%
K. Orroth, E. Freeman, R. Bakker, A. Buvé, J. Glynn, M. Boily, R. White, J. Habbema, R. Hayes (2007)
Understanding the differences between contrasting HIV epidemics in east and west Africa: results from a simulation model of the Four Cities StudySexually Transmitted Infections, 83
L. Abu-Raddad, I. Longini (2008)
No HIV stage is dominant in driving the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan AfricaAIDS, 22
P. Ghys, N. Walker, W. McFarland, Robert Miller, G. Garnett (2008)
Improved data, methods and tools for the 2007 HIV and AIDS estimates and projectionsSexually Transmitted Infections, 84
B. Brenner, M. Roger, J. Routy, D. Moisi, M. Ntemgwa, Claudine Matte, J. Baril, Réjean Thomas, D. Rouleau, J. Bruneau, R. Leblanc, Mario Legault, C. Tremblay, H. Charest, M. Wainberg (2007)
High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection.The Journal of infectious diseases, 195 7
K. Dunkle, R. Stephenson, E. Karita, E. Chomba, K. Kayitenkore, C. Vwalika, L. Greenberg, S. Allen (2008)
New heterosexually transmitted HIV infections in married or cohabiting couples in urban Zambia and Rwanda: an analysis of survey and clinical dataThe Lancet, 371
This mathematical model indicated that universal HIV testing and immediate ART would substantially reduce HIV infection in South Africa
(2007)
A population-based phylogenetic analysis of primary HIV infections concluded that half of onward transmissions in Quebec were during early infection
(2008)
Subpopulation estimates from the HIV incidence surveillance system--United States, 2006.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 57 36
L. Warner, K. Ghanem, D. Newman, M. Macaluso, P. Sullivan, E. Erbelding (2009)
Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection among heterosexual African American men attending Baltimore sexually transmitted disease clinics.The Journal of infectious diseases, 199 1
P. Leclerc, M. Garenne, M. Garenne (2008)
Commercial sex and HIV transmission in mature epidemics: a study of five African countriesInternational Journal of STD & AIDS, 19
A mathematical model indicated that, under some conditions, use of a serosorting strategy can increase rather than decrease the risk of HIV transmission
Andrea Baccarelli, Sara Giacomini, Carlo Corbetta, Maria Landi, Matteo Bonzini, Dario Consonni, Paolo Grillo, Donald Patterson, A. Pesatori, P. Bertazzi (2008)
Neonatal Thyroid Function in Seveso 25 Years after Maternal Exposure to DioxinPLoS Medicine, 5
S. Kalichman, Giorgio Berto, Lisa Eaton (2008)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load in Blood Plasma and Semen: Review and Implications of Empirical FindingsSexually Transmitted Diseases, 35
Using extensive available data from The Netherlands, the authors estimated that risk behavior increased 66% since 1996, resulting in a resurgent HIV epidemic in MSM
G. Millett, S. Flores, G. Marks, J. Reed, J. Herbst (2008)
Circumcision status and risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis.JAMA, 300 14
V. Frye, M. Latka, Yingfeng Wu, E. Valverde, A. Knowlton, K. Knight, J. Arnsten, A. O'Leary (2007)
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Against Main Female Partners Among HIV-Positive Male Injection Drug UsersJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 46
Xiao-yan Ma, Qi-yun Zhang, Xiong He, Wei-dong Sun, H. Yue, Sanny Chen, H. Raymond, Yang Li, Min Xu, Hui Du, Willi McFarland (2007)
Trends in Prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Results of 3 Consecutive Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys in Beijing, 2004 Through 2006JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 45
This review provides pooled data on the per-act HIV transmission risk in a wide variety of settings, highlighting higher rates in low-income countries
K. Modjarrad, E. Chamot, S. Vermund (2008)
Impact of small reductions in plasma HIV RNA levels on the risk of heterosexual transmission and disease progressionAIDS, 22
(2008)
Superinfection did not occur but there were T-cell immune responses in this study of HIV-infected MSM on ART and repeatedly exposed in stable
A. Jahn, S. Floyd, A. Crampin, F. Mwaungulu, Hazzie Mvula, Fipson Munthali, N. McGrath, J. Mwafilaso, V. Mwinuka, Bernard Mangongo, P. Fine, B. Zaba, J. Glynn (2008)
Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality and early evidence of reversal after introduction of antiretroviral therapy in MalawiLancet, 371
A. Marcelin, R. Tubiana, S. Lambert-Niclot, G. Lefèbvre, S. Dominguez, M. Bonmarchand, D. Vauthier-Brouzes, F. Marguet, N. Mousset-Siméon, G. Peytavin, C. Poirot (2008)
Detection of HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma samples from treated patients with undetectable HIV-1 RNA in blood plasmaAIDS, 22
(2006)
Using the BED assay to identify recent HIV-1 infections, CDC estimated that there were 56 300 new HIV infections in the United States in
D. Bezemer, F. Wolf, M. Boerlijst, A. Sighem, T. Hollingsworth, M. Prins, R. Geskus, L. Gras, R. Coutinho, C. Fraser (2008)
A resurgent HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men in the era of potent antiretroviral therapyAIDS, 22
E. Sanders, S. Graham, H. Okuku, Elise Elst, Allan Muhaari, Alun Davies, N. Peshu, M. Price, R. Mcclelland, A. Smith (2007)
HIV-1 infection in high risk men who have sex with men in Mombasa, KenyaAIDS, 21
PROPOSAL Peter H. Kilmarx Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Purpose of review Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA To provide an update on the epidemiology of HIV worldwide and by region, along with an Correspondence to Peter H. Kilmarx, MD, 1600 Clifton overview of recent HIV epidemiological research. Road, MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Recent findings Tel: +1 404 639 8998; fax: +1 404 639 6127; e-mail: pbk4@cdc.gov The global prevalence of HIV-1 has stabilized at 0.8%, with 33 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 2.7 million new infections, and 2.0 million AIDS deaths in 2007. Heterosexual Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2009, 4:240–246 spread in the general population is the main mode of transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, which remains the most heavily affected region, with 67% of the global burden. Male – male sex, injection drug use, and sex work are the predominant risk factors in most other regions. Infection rates are declining in some regions, including some of the most heavily affected countries in Africa, but climbing elsewhere such as in eastern Europe and central Asia. Recent HIV epidemiologic research findings include new insights into the role of HIV viral load, co-infection with sexually
Current Opinion in HIV and Aids – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Jul 1, 2009
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.