Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
A. Hartmann, K. Moser, M. Kriegmair, A. Hofstetter, Ferdinand Hofstaedter, R. Knuechel (1999)
Frequent genetic alterations in simple urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma.The American journal of pathology, 154 3
T. Sugino, H. Gorham, K. Yoshida, J. Bolodeoku., V. Nargund, D. Cranston, S. Goodison, D. Tarin (1996)
Progressive loss of CD44 gene expression in invasive bladder cancer.The American journal of pathology, 149 3
P. Ho, A. Kurtova, K. Chan (2012)
Normal and neoplastic urothelial stem cells: getting to the root of the problemNature Reviews Urology, 9
J. Hatina, W. Schulz (2012)
Stem cells in the biology of normal urothelium and urothelial carcinoma.Neoplasma, 59 6
M. Amin, Steven Smith, A. Agaimy, P. Argani, E. Compérat, B. Delahunt, J. Epstein, J. Eble, D. Grignon, A. Hartmann, O. Hes, M. Hirsch, R. Jimenez, L. Kunju, G. Martignoni, J. McKenney, H. Moch, R. Montironi, Gladell Paner, P. Rao, J. Srigley, S. Tickoo, V. Reuter (2014)
Collecting duct carcinoma versus renal medullary carcinoma: an appeal for nosologic and biological clarity.The American journal of surgical pathology, 38 7
J. Weinstein, R. Akbani, B. Broom, Wenyi Wang, R. Verhaak, D. McConkey, S. Lerner, M. Morgan, C. Creighton, Carolyn Smith, A. Cherniack, Jaegil Kim, C. Pedamallu, M. Noble, H. Al-Ahmadie, V. Reuter, J. Rosenberg, D. Bajorin, B. Bochner, D. Solit, T. Koppie, B. Robinson, D. Gordenin, D. Fargo, L. Klimczak, S. Roberts, J. Au, P. Laird, T. Hinoue, N. Schultz, Ricardo Ramirez, D. Hansel, K. Hoadley, William Kim, Jeffrey Damrauer, S. Baylin, A. Mungall, A. Robertson, Andy Chu, D. Kwiatkowski, C. Sougnez, K. Cibulskis, Lee Lichtenstein, A. Sivachenko, C. Stewart, M. Lawrence, G. Getz, E. Lander, S. Gabrie, L. Donehower, S. Carter, G. Saksena, S. Schumacher, S. Freeman, Joonil Jung, A. Bhatt, Trevor Pugh, R. Beroukhim, M. Meyerson, Adrian Ally, M. Balasundaram, Y. Butterfield, Noreen Dhalla, Carrie Hirst, R. Holt, Steven Jones, Darlene Lee, H. Li, M. Marra, Michael Mayo, Richard Moore, J. Schein, Payal Sipahimalani, Angela Tam, N. Thiessen, Tina Wong, N. Wye, R. Bowlby, E. Chuah, R. Guin, Hui Shen, M. Bootwalla, T. Triche, Phillip Lai, D. Berg, D. Weisenberger, S. Balu, T. Bodenheimer, A. Hoyle, S. Jefferys, S. Meng, Lisle Mose, J. Simons, Mathew Soloway, Junyuan Wu, J. Parker, D. Hayes, J. Roach, Elizabeth Buda, Corbin Jones, P. Mieczkowski, Donghui Tan, Umadevi Veluvolu, S. Waring, J. Auman, C. Perou, M. Wilkerson, Netty Santoso, Michael Parfenov, X. Ren, A. Pantazi, Angela Hadjipanayis, J. Seidman, R. Kucherlapati, Semin Lee, Lixing Yang, P. Park, A. Xu, A. Protopopov, Jianhua Zhang, C. Bristow, Harshad Mahadeshwar, S. Seth, Xingzhi Song, Jiabin Tang, Dong Zeng, L. Chin, C. Guo, Tod Casasent, Wenbin Liu, Z. Ju, Thomas Motter, Bo Peng, Michael Ryan, X. Su, Ji Yang, P. Lorenzi, Hui Yao, Nianxiang Zhang, Jiexin Zhang, G. Mills, Juok Cho, D. Dicara, S. Frazer, N. Gehlenborg, David Heiman, Pei Lin, Yingchun Liu, P. Stojanov, Douglas Voet, Hailei Zhang, L. Zou, Brady Bernard, Dick Kreisberg, Sheila Reynolds, Hector Rovira, I. Shmulevich, Jianjiong Gao, A. Jacobsen, B. Aksoy, Yevgeniy Antipin, G. Ciriello, Gideon Dresdner, Benjamin Gross, William Lee, B. Reva, R. Shen, Rileen Sinha, S. Sumer, Nils Weinhold, M. Ladanyi, C. Sander, C. Benz, Daniel Carlin, D. Haussler, S. Ng, Evan Paull, Joshua Stuart, Jingchun Zhu, Yuexin Liu, Wei Zhang, B. Taylor, T. Lichtenberg, E. Zmuda, T. Barr, Aaron Black, Myra George, B. Hanf, Carmen Helsel, Cynthia McAllister, N. Ramirez, Teresa Tabler, Stephanie Weaver, L. Wise, Jay Bowen, J. Gastier-Foster, W. Jian, Sebrina Tello, M. Ittman, Patricia Castro, Whitney McClenden, R. Gibbs, Charles Saller, Katherine Tarvin, Jennifer DiPiero, Jennifer Owens, R. Bollag, Qiang Li, P. Weinberger, Christine Czerwinski, L. Huelsenbeck-Dill, M. Iacocca, N. Petrelli, B. Rabeno, P. Swanson, T. Shelton, Erin Curley, J. Gardner, D. Mallery, R. Penny, N. Bang, Phan Hanh, B. Kohl, X. Le, Bui Phu, Richard Thorp, N. Tien, L. Vĩnh, G. Sandusky, E. Burks, K. Christ, J. Gee, A. Holway, A. Moinzadeh, A. Sorcini, T. Sullivan, I. Garcia-Grossman, A. Regazzi, L. Boice, W. Rathmell, L. Thorne, S. Bastacky, B. Davies, R. Dhir, J. Gingrich, R. Hrebinko, J. Maranchie, J. Nelson, A. Parwani, W. Bshara, Carmelo Gaudioso, C. Morrison, V. Alexopoulou, J. Bartlett, J. Engel, S. Kodeeswaran, T. Antic, P. O’Donnell, N. Smith, G. Steinberg, Sophie Egea, C. Gomez-Fernandez, Lynn Herbert, M. Jordá, M. Soloway, Allison Beaver, Suzie Carter, Payal Kapur, C. Lewis, Y. Lotan, J. Bondaruk, B. Czerniak, E. Skinner, K. Aldape, M. Jensen, A. Kahn, T. Pihl, D. Pot, Deepak Srinivasan, Yunhu Wan, M. Ferguson, J. Zenklusen, Tanja Davidsen, John Demchok, K. Shaw, Margi Sheth, R. Tarnuzzer, Zhining Wang, Liming Yang, C. Hutter, B. Ozenberger, H. Sofia, G. Eley (2014)
Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinomaNature, 507
Xiaobing He, L. Marchionni, D. Hansel, Wayne Yu, A. Sood, Jie Yang, G. Parmigiani, W. Matsui, D. Berman (2009)
Differentiation of a Highly Tumorigenic Basal Cell Compartment in Urothelial CarcinomaSTEM CELLS, 27
Amin (2014)
Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in the bladder lesions: report from the International Society of Urologic Pathology consensus conferenceAm J Surg Pathol, 38
A. López-Beltran, Liang Cheng, R. Mazzucchelli, M. Bianconi, A. Blanca, M. Scarpelli, R. Montironi (2008)
Morphological and molecular profiles and pathways in bladder neoplasms.Anticancer research, 28 5B
David Morris, A. Weizer, Zaojun Ye, R. Dunn, J. Montie, B. Hollenbeck (2009)
Understanding bladder cancer deathCancer, 115
A. Paliga, K. Mai (2014)
Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Anterior Oral Cavity Are Commonly Associated With Simplex (or Differentiated) Oral Intraepithelial NeoplasiaInternational Journal of Surgical Pathology, 22
R. Hong, Y. Pu, J. Chu, W. Lee, Y. Chen, C. Wu (1995)
Correlation of expression of CD44 isoforms and E-cadherin with differentiation in human urothelial cell lines and transitional cell carcinoma.Cancer letters, 89 1
J. McKenney, S. Desai, C. Cohen, M. Amin (2001)
Discriminatory Immunohistochemical Staining of Urothelial Carcinoma in Situ and Non-neoplastic Urothelium: An Analysis of Cytokeratin 20, p53, and CD44 AntigensThe American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 25
M. Aron, D. Luthringer, J. McKenney, D. Hansel, Danielle Westfall, R. Parakh, S. Mohanty, Bonnie Balzer, M. Amin (2013)
Utility of a Triple Antibody Cocktail Intraurothelial Neoplasm-3 (IUN-3-CK20/CD44s/p53) and &agr;-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) in the Distinction of Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ (CIS) and Reactive Urothelial AtypiaThe American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 37
Liang Cheng, D. Davidson, G. MacLennan, S. Williamson, Shaobo Zhang, M. Koch, R. Montironi, A. López-Beltran (2010)
The origins of urothelial carcinomaExpert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 10
N. Mulvany, D. Allen (2008)
Differentiated Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the VulvaInternational Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 27
A. López-Beltran, Liang Cheng, L. Andersson, M. Brausi, A. Matteis, R. Montironi, I. Sesterhenn, T. Kwast, C. Mazerolles (2001)
Preneoplastic non-papillary lesions and conditions of the urinary bladder: an update based on the Ancona International ConsultationVirchows Archiv, 440
T. Klatte, D. Seligson, J. Rao, Hong Yu, M. Martino, I. Garraway, Steven Wong, A. Belldegrun, A. Pantuck (2010)
Absent CD44v6 expression is an independent predictor of poor urothelial bladder cancer outcome.The Journal of urology, 183 6
Allison Edgecombe, B. Nguyen, B. Djordjevic, E. Belanger, K. Mai (2012)
Utility of Cytokeratin 5/6, Cytokeratin 20, and p16 in the Diagnosis of Reactive Urothelial Atypia and Noninvasive Component of Urothelial NeoplasiaApplied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology, 20
K. Hodges, A. López-Beltran, D. Davidson, R. Montironi, Liang Cheng (2010)
Urothelial dysplasia and other flat lesions of the urinary bladder: clinicopathologic and molecular features.Human pathology, 41 2
K. Hodges, A. López-Beltran, R. Emerson, R. Montironi, Liang Cheng (2010)
Clinical Utility of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnoses of Urinary Bladder NeoplasiaApplied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology, 18
A. Blanes, J. Rubio, J. Sanchez-Carrillo, S. Diaz-Cano (2009)
Coexistent intraurothelial carcinoma and muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: clonality and somatic down-regulation of DNA mismatch repair.Human pathology, 40 7
R. Montironi, A. López-Beltran, M. Scarpelli, R. Mazzucchelli, Liang Cheng (2008)
Morphological classification and definition of benign, preneoplastic and non‐invasive neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladderHistopathology, 53
S. Desai, S. Lim, R. Jimenez, T. Chun, T. Keane, J. McKenney, A. Zavala-Pompa, C. Cohen, R. Young, M. Amin (2000)
Relationship of Cytokeratin 20 and CD44 Protein Expression with WHO/ISUP Grade in pTa and pT1 Papillary Urothelial NeoplasiaModern Pathology, 13
J. Kuncová, Michael Urban, V. Mandys (2007)
Expression of CD44s and CD44v6 in transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder: comparison with tumour grade, proliferative activity and p53 immunoreactivity of tumour cellsAPMIS, 115
W. Brandt, W. Matsui, J. Rosenberg, Xiaobing He, Shizhang Ling, E. Schaeffer, D. Berman (2009)
Urothelial carcinoma: Stem cells on the edgeCancer and Metastasis Reviews, 28
Mai
Non-invasive papillary basal-like urothelial carcinoma: a subgroup of urothelial carcinomas with immunohistochemical features of basal urothelial cells associated with a high rate of recurrence and progressionAppl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
C. Spruck, P. Ohneseit, M. Gonzalez‐Zulueta, D. Esrig, N. Miyao, Y. Tsai, S. Lerner, C. Schmutte, A. Yang, R. Cote, L. Dubeau, P. Nichols, G. Hermann, K. Steven, T. Horn, D. Skinner, P. Jones (1994)
Two molecular pathways to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.Cancer research, 54 3
G. Netto (2012)
Molecular biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: are we there yet?Nature Reviews Urology, 9
K. Mai, L. Truong, C. Ball, Phillip Williams, T. Flood, E. Belanger (2015)
Invasive urothelial carcinoma exhibiting basal cell immunohistochemical markers: A variant of urothelial carcinoma associated with aggressive features.Pathology, research and practice, 211 8
W. Choi, S. Porten, Seungchan Kim, D. Willis, E. Plimack, J. Hoffman-Censits, B. Roth, T. Cheng, M. Tran, I-ling Lee, Jonathan Melquist, J. Bondaruk, Tadeusz Majewski, Shizhen Zhang, S. Pretzsch, K. Baggerly, A. Siefker-Radtke, B. Czerniak, C. Dinney, D. McConkey (2014)
Identification of distinct basal and luminal subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with different sensitivities to frontline chemotherapy.Cancer cell, 25 2
Background:Immunoreactivity for CD44 and cytokeratin (CK)5 (urothelial stem/basal cell markers) are decreased/negative in the common type of intraurothelial neoplasia including urothelial carcinomas (UC) in situ. Recent studies also reveal that a majority of muscle-invasive UC are basal-like UC with large areas of positive CD44/CK5 immunoreactivity. In addition, approximately 80% of muscle-invasive UC develop de novo as nonpapillary invasive UC. In this study, we investigate the CD44/CK5 immunoreactivity of the flat intraurothelial neoplasia (FIUN) associated with nonpapillary invasive UC.Materials and Methods:Consecutive cases of nonpapillary UC were submitted for immunostaining. Immunostaining for CK5/CD44 was scored as high for staining of >25% thickness of urothelium and low for lesser immunoreactivity.Results:In total, 109 consecutive cases were grouped into: in situ UC [carcinoma in situ (CIS)] (n=11), pT1 (n=14), and pT2-4 (n=84) with surface urothelium available for study. Forty-four cases including CIS (n=9), pT1 (n=12), and pT2-4 (n=23) showed FIUN with low/negative CD44/CK5 reactivity; 40 cases showed strong CK20 reactivity. Sixty-two cases including CIS (n=2), pT1 (n=2), and pT2-4 (n=58) showed extensive FIUN exhibiting high CD44/CK5 reactivity; 30 cases showed reactive CK20. FIUN lesions with high CD44/CK5 reactivity scores were associated with mild (urothelial dysplasia) to moderate atypia (CIS) and were rarely preceded by papillary UC. Most invasive UC associated with FIUN with high CD44/CK5 reactivity also exhibited extensive CD44/CK5 reactivity. The remaining 3 cases showed only reactive urothelium. Of interest, 4 cases with FIUN showed negative CD44/CK5/CK20 reactivity.Conclusions:Existence of CD44/CK5-immunoreactive (or basal-like) FIUN is consistent with the recent distinction of basal and luminal subtypes of UC. This type of FIUN is often associated with UC with progression to high-stage disease not preceded by recurrent papillary UC.
Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Aug 1, 2017
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.