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This paper describes the innovative idea of nevirapine determination in saliva as alternative to plasma sampling
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The unexpected finding of decreased exposure to lopinavir in neonates makes this paper of outstanding interest
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Alexandria: CROI
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Plasma concentrations of efavirenz and lopinavir in children with and without rifampicin - based anti - TB treatment [ abstract ]
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Population Analysis of Weight-, Age-, and Sex-Related Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir in Children from Birth to 18 YearsAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50
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G. Verweel, M. Sharland, H. Lyall, V. Novelli, D. Gibb, G. Dumont, C. Ball, E. Wilkins, S. Walters, G. Tudor-Williams (2003)
Nevirapine use in HIV-1-infected childrenAIDS, 17
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Age‐dependent Pharmacokinetics of Lamivudine in HIV‐infected ChildrenClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 81
M. Benedetti, E. Baltès (2003)
Drug metabolism and disposition in childrenFundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 17
This study showed higher variability in lopinavir trough levels in children than in adults treated once daily. Subtherapeutic trough levels were more often experienced in younger children
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Lopinavir / Ritonavir : a review of its use in the management of HIV infection
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Therapeutic drug monitoring in children with HIV/AIDS.Therapeutic drug monitoring, 26 2
Manon Lee, G. Verweel, R. Groot, D. Burger (2005)
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I. Bartelink, C. Rademaker, A. Schobben, J. Anker (2006)
Guidelines on Paediatric Dosing on the Basis of Developmental Physiology and Pharmacokinetic ConsiderationsClinical Pharmacokinetics, 45
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N. Rakhmanina, E. Capparelli, J. Anker, Keetra Williams, J. Sever, H. Spiegel, S. Soldin (2007)
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Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine, stavudine and lamivudine in HIV-infected children in Zambia treated with pediatric fixed-dose combinations tablets
This brief review clearly summarizes the text of the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection that were developed for the US
D. Burger, R. Aarnoutse, P. Hugen (2002)
Pros and cons of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral agentsCurrent Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 15
E. Macassa, C. Delaugerre, J. Teglas, V. Jullien, J. Treluyer, F. Veber, C. Rouzioux, S. Blanche (2006)
Change to a Once-Daily Combination Including Boosted Atazanavir in HIV-1-Infected ChildrenThe Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25
The results of this population pharmacokinetic analysis confirm the appropriateness of body weight-based pediatric enfuvirtide dosing
R. Leeuwen, J. Lange, E. Hussey, K. Donn, S. Hall, A. Harker, P. Jonker, S. Danner (1992)
The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: a Phase I studyAIDS, 6
Takehisa Ikeda, Tong Ch'ng, J. Oleske (2007)
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J. Ellis, R. L'homme, F. Ewings, V. Mulenga, F. Bell, R. Chileshe, E. Molyneux, J. Abernethy, J. Oosterhout, C. Chintu, A. Walker, D. Gibb, D. Burger (2007)
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K. Crommentuyn, H. Scherpbier, T. Kuijpers, R. Mathôt, A. Huitema, J. Beijnen (2006)
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nelfinavir and Its Active Metabolite M8 in HIV-1-Infected ChildrenThe Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 25
P. Fraaij, J. Kampen, D. Burger, R. Groot (2005)
Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected ChildrenClinical Pharmacokinetics, 44
A. Bergshoeff, P. Fraaij, A. Rossum, T. Wolfs, S. Geelen, R. Groot, D. Burger (2002)
Pharmacokinetics of Nelfinavir in Children: Influencing Factors and dose ImplicationsAntiviral Therapy, 8
Interestingly, this study showed that recommended dosing of lamivudine leads to lower exposure in children younger than 6 years of age
Children with HIV are not small adults: what is different in pharmacology? a,b b,c d a,b Rafae ¨ lla L’homme , Adilia Warris , Diana Gibb and David Burger Abbreviations Purpose of review The pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs are highly BSA body surface area FDC fixed-dose combination variable among HIV-infected children. This review describes GFR glomerular filtration rate pharmacokinetic processes in children and recent NNRTI non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NRTI nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor pharmacokinetic data in children with HIV. The general lack TDM therapeutic drug monitoring of pharmacokinetic data and the potential role of therapeutic drug monitoring are discussed. 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Recent findings 1746-630X It was found unexpectedly that exposure to lopinavir is decreased in the first 6 months of life. Recent findings of subtherapeutic efavirenz concentrations in children suggest Introduction that pediatric dose recommendations should be re- HIV-infected children cannot simply be regarded as evaluated. In addition, recommended dosing of lamivudine small adults, pharmacologically speaking. Pharmacoki- leads to lower exposure in children younger than 6 years of netics of antiretroviral drugs are highly variable in the age. Preliminary results of pediatric fixed-dose combination pediatric population as children mature and grow rapidly tablets for HIV-infected
Current Opinion in HIV and Aids – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: Sep 1, 2007
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