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Carotid artery disease accounts for ≈20% of strokes. 1 , 2 Although the role of revascularization in reducing the incidence of stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis is well established, 1 the optimal treatment for asymptomatic disease remains controversial. 2 , 3 In Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS, published in 1995) 4 and Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial 1 (ACST-1, published in 2004), 5 which enrolled patients with ≥60% carotid stenosis carotid endarterectomy (CEA) was found to be superior to medical therapy. Subsequent studies demonstrated that carotid stenting, the alternative revascularization procedure, is not inferior to CEA in these patients. 6 , 7 However, recent advances in medical therapy have led to considerable reduction in stroke risk, such that the contemporary annual rate of ipsilateral stroke in medically managed patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (≤1%) is similar to the risks observed with revascularization in aforementioned trials. 2 Accordingly, American Heart Association guidelines suggest that revascularization may be considered in a highly selected group of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis, acknowledging that the effectiveness of this approach compared to medical therapy is not well established. 8 How to identify this high-risk group of patients remains more akin to an art than
Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging – Wolters Kluwer Health
Published: May 1, 2016
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