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Yangtzedonta is Undoubtedly a Junior Synonym of Xianfengella

Yangtzedonta is Undoubtedly a Junior Synonym of Xianfengella Yangtzedonta is Undoubtedly a Junior Synonym of Xianfengella Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008; E-mail: hymqy@ 163.com QIAN Yi Abstract With the verification of the type specimen by six experts from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, the specimen of Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 described by Qian (Qian, 2001, flge2: la-c) is confirmed to be the holotype specimen (NIGP. 84430) ofYmgtzedontaprimitiva Yu, 1985, and consequently, Yu Wen’s view that they are not the same specimen is impractical. This fact demonstrates that Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 is undoubtedly a junior synonym of Xianfingella prima He and Yang, 1982, and is invalid. Qian’s conclusion (Qian, 2001) that no bivalve appeared in the early Meishucunian Stage of the Early Cambrian is rational. Key words: Yangtzedonta primitiva, Xianfengella prima, junior synonym, Meishucunian, Cambrian Scientific discussion and argument should be based on the truth, and forgery shall be publicly condemned. During recent years, Yu Wen not only continually submitted manuscripts to the Chinese and foreign periodicals to argue about the validity of Yangtzedonta prirnifiva, but also defamed other people of ‘‘forging” through private letters and e-mails. Now it is the time to give a formal response to Yu’s accusations. Yu’s manuscript “Yangtzedonta is not Xianfengella” was submitted to Acfa Pafaeontologica Sinica in 2004 after rejected by many foreign periodicals. In order to verify the fact, Prof. Wang Jungeng (editorial department of Acta Pafaeontologica Sinica) and the present author cooperated with Prof. Chen Chuzhen (an expert in bivalves), Prof. Zhu Maoyan (an expert in early Cambrian metazoans), Mr. Mao Yongqiang and Mr. He Hongwei, who did SEM photography and took the photos of the holotype specimen (NIGP. 84430) for Yu and Qian. Finally, they drew a in unanimous conclusion that the pictures illustrated by Q a (2001, Fig. 2: la-c) are really the same with the holotype of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu,1985. This fact verifies that the holotype of Yangtzedonta primiriva Yu, 1985 is just the cracked and contorted specimen of Xianfengella prima described by Qian (2001). According to the zoological nomenclature, Yungfzedontaprirnitiva Yu, 1985 is just a junior synonym of Xianfengella prima, and should be invalid. The invalidity of Yangtzedonta primitiva consequently denies the conclusion (Yu, 1985) that bivalves appeared in the early Meishucunian Stage of the Early Cambrian. Recenfly, Fang (2004) (an expert in bivalves) also considered Yangnedonru Yu, 1985 to be a junior synonym of Xianfengella He and Yang, 1982. and Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 to be a junior synonym of Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982. In the article, he narrated: “Yangtzedonta Yu, 1985,wt type species Y. primitiva Yu, ih was found based on a single incomplete specimen (Yu, 1985). Bivalve specialists have paid much attention to Yu’s discovery, but they have been hesitating to accept his interpretation (Runnegar and Pojeta, 1992; Babin, 1993; Geyer and Streng, 1998; Hinz-Schalfreuter, 2000). It is evident that Yangtzedonta should not be used to evaluate early phylogeny and evolution of the class Bivalvia, o because its preservation and characters are inadequate t permit a reliable identification of its bivalve nature. Recently, Qian (2001) fully proved that Y. primifiva Yu is only an incomplete ventral valve of Xianfengella p r i m He and Yang, 1982, based on abundant and well-preserved specimens. Thus, Yangtzedonta is a junior synonym of Xianfengella. The ventral valve of X. prima is evidently equilateral and shows no diagnostic features of hinge structure of bivalves. This species has been interpreted as a problematical small shelly fossil (Qian, 2001). Thanks to Qian’s work, the ‘Yangrzedontu’ puzzle is finally resolved.” This discussion can be taken as a clear and concise response if not a conclusion to the argument between Qian and Yu. To avoid the hurt of each other, it is unnecessary to say more words for the fact is clear. We hope Prof. Yu can respect the fact and believe the science, and will make more contributions to the research work on the early mollusks in China. Acknowledgements The author thanks Profs. Chen Chuzhen, Wang Jungeng, Zhu Maoyan and Mao Yongqiang from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciencesfortheir verification of the fact and comments. This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Project (Grant No. G2000077700) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40572006 and 40232020). Manuscript received July 1,2005 accepted Aug. 5,2005 edited by Xie Guanglian http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) Wiley

Yangtzedonta is Undoubtedly a Junior Synonym of Xianfengella

Yi, QIAN
Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) , Volume 79 (6) – Dec 1, 2005
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References (4)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
2005 Geological Society of China
ISSN
1000-9515
eISSN
1755-6724
DOI
10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00931.x
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Abstract

Yangtzedonta is Undoubtedly a Junior Synonym of Xianfengella Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008; E-mail: hymqy@ 163.com QIAN Yi Abstract With the verification of the type specimen by six experts from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, the specimen of Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 described by Qian (Qian, 2001, flge2: la-c) is confirmed to be the holotype specimen (NIGP. 84430) ofYmgtzedontaprimitiva Yu, 1985, and consequently, Yu Wen’s view that they are not the same specimen is impractical. This fact demonstrates that Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 is undoubtedly a junior synonym of Xianfingella prima He and Yang, 1982, and is invalid. Qian’s conclusion (Qian, 2001) that no bivalve appeared in the early Meishucunian Stage of the Early Cambrian is rational. Key words: Yangtzedonta primitiva, Xianfengella prima, junior synonym, Meishucunian, Cambrian Scientific discussion and argument should be based on the truth, and forgery shall be publicly condemned. During recent years, Yu Wen not only continually submitted manuscripts to the Chinese and foreign periodicals to argue about the validity of Yangtzedonta prirnifiva, but also defamed other people of ‘‘forging” through private letters and e-mails. Now it is the time to give a formal response to Yu’s accusations. Yu’s manuscript “Yangtzedonta is not Xianfengella” was submitted to Acfa Pafaeontologica Sinica in 2004 after rejected by many foreign periodicals. In order to verify the fact, Prof. Wang Jungeng (editorial department of Acta Pafaeontologica Sinica) and the present author cooperated with Prof. Chen Chuzhen (an expert in bivalves), Prof. Zhu Maoyan (an expert in early Cambrian metazoans), Mr. Mao Yongqiang and Mr. He Hongwei, who did SEM photography and took the photos of the holotype specimen (NIGP. 84430) for Yu and Qian. Finally, they drew a in unanimous conclusion that the pictures illustrated by Q a (2001, Fig. 2: la-c) are really the same with the holotype of Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu,1985. This fact verifies that the holotype of Yangtzedonta primiriva Yu, 1985 is just the cracked and contorted specimen of Xianfengella prima described by Qian (2001). According to the zoological nomenclature, Yungfzedontaprirnitiva Yu, 1985 is just a junior synonym of Xianfengella prima, and should be invalid. The invalidity of Yangtzedonta primitiva consequently denies the conclusion (Yu, 1985) that bivalves appeared in the early Meishucunian Stage of the Early Cambrian. Recenfly, Fang (2004) (an expert in bivalves) also considered Yangnedonru Yu, 1985 to be a junior synonym of Xianfengella He and Yang, 1982. and Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu, 1985 to be a junior synonym of Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982. In the article, he narrated: “Yangtzedonta Yu, 1985,wt type species Y. primitiva Yu, ih was found based on a single incomplete specimen (Yu, 1985). Bivalve specialists have paid much attention to Yu’s discovery, but they have been hesitating to accept his interpretation (Runnegar and Pojeta, 1992; Babin, 1993; Geyer and Streng, 1998; Hinz-Schalfreuter, 2000). It is evident that Yangtzedonta should not be used to evaluate early phylogeny and evolution of the class Bivalvia, o because its preservation and characters are inadequate t permit a reliable identification of its bivalve nature. Recently, Qian (2001) fully proved that Y. primifiva Yu is only an incomplete ventral valve of Xianfengella p r i m He and Yang, 1982, based on abundant and well-preserved specimens. Thus, Yangtzedonta is a junior synonym of Xianfengella. The ventral valve of X. prima is evidently equilateral and shows no diagnostic features of hinge structure of bivalves. This species has been interpreted as a problematical small shelly fossil (Qian, 2001). Thanks to Qian’s work, the ‘Yangrzedontu’ puzzle is finally resolved.” This discussion can be taken as a clear and concise response if not a conclusion to the argument between Qian and Yu. To avoid the hurt of each other, it is unnecessary to say more words for the fact is clear. We hope Prof. Yu can respect the fact and believe the science, and will make more contributions to the research work on the early mollusks in China. Acknowledgements The author thanks Profs. Chen Chuzhen, Wang Jungeng, Zhu Maoyan and Mao Yongqiang from the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciencesfortheir verification of the fact and comments. This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Project (Grant No. G2000077700) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40572006 and 40232020). Manuscript received July 1,2005 accepted Aug. 5,2005 edited by Xie Guanglian

Journal

Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) – Wiley

Published: Dec 1, 2005

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