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The sweets standing at the borderline between allo‐ and xenotransplantation

The sweets standing at the borderline between allo‐ and xenotransplantation Animal cells are densely covered with glycoconjugates, such as N‐glycan, O‐glycan, and glycosphingolipids, which are important for various biological and immunological events at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Endothelial α‐Gal carbohydrate epitopes (Galα3Gal‐R) expressed on porcine tissue or cell surfaces are such glycoconjugates and directly mediate hyperacute immunological rejection in pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. Although researchers have been able to develop α1,3‐galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene knockout (KO) pigs, there remain unclarified non‐Gal antigens that prevent xenotransplantation. Based on our expertise in the structural analysis of xenoantigenic carbohydrates, we describe the immunologically significant non‐human carbohydrate antigens, including α‐Gal antigens, analyzed as part of efforts to assess the antigens responsible for hyperacute immunological rejection in pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. The importance of studying human, pig, and GalT‐KO pig glycoprofiles, and of developing adequate pig‐to‐human glycan databases, is also discussed. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Xenotransplantation Wiley

The sweets standing at the borderline between allo‐ and xenotransplantation

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References (96)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S
ISSN
0908-665X
eISSN
1399-3089
DOI
10.1111/xen.12030
pmid
23551837
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Animal cells are densely covered with glycoconjugates, such as N‐glycan, O‐glycan, and glycosphingolipids, which are important for various biological and immunological events at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Endothelial α‐Gal carbohydrate epitopes (Galα3Gal‐R) expressed on porcine tissue or cell surfaces are such glycoconjugates and directly mediate hyperacute immunological rejection in pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. Although researchers have been able to develop α1,3‐galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene knockout (KO) pigs, there remain unclarified non‐Gal antigens that prevent xenotransplantation. Based on our expertise in the structural analysis of xenoantigenic carbohydrates, we describe the immunologically significant non‐human carbohydrate antigens, including α‐Gal antigens, analyzed as part of efforts to assess the antigens responsible for hyperacute immunological rejection in pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation. The importance of studying human, pig, and GalT‐KO pig glycoprofiles, and of developing adequate pig‐to‐human glycan databases, is also discussed.

Journal

XenotransplantationWiley

Published: Jul 1, 2013

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