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China's low level of urbanisation has been the result of tight controls over population movement under a rigid rural and urban household registration system. Since the modification of population mobility policies in the mid 1980s, surplus workers have been moving to coastal regions without changes in their rural residency status. The floating population has been estimated at around 80 million in recent years. The research was partly based on the official 1990 census and partly on the analysis of local documents and literature published in China. This paper attempts to employ substantial source materials to shed light on the characteristics of population migration in a centrally planned society that is in the process of transforming to a market economy. In order to compare rural–urban migration in China with that in other developing countries, the data on 1985–1990 interprovincial population migration have been analysed. Some demographic research techniques on population migration, such as the impact on the place or origin and the place of destination, have been employed to assess the influence of rural–urban migration on China's long‐term economic development. Economic betterment appears to be the sole motivation of rural population migration in China. Concluding suggestions are advanced on how to deal with excessive rural labour which could be guided and efficiently utilised as an advantageous human resource in China's long‐term developmental strategy.
International Journal of Population Geography – Wiley
Published: Sep 1, 1996
Keywords: ; ; ;
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