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Syllogistic reasoning and belief‐bias inhibition in school children: evidence from a negative priming paradigm

Syllogistic reasoning and belief‐bias inhibition in school children: evidence from a negative... Research on deductive reasoning in adolescents and adults has shown that errors in deductive logic are not necessarily due to a lack of logical ability but can stem from an executive failure to inhibit biases. Few studies have examined this dissociation in children. Here, we used a negative priming paradigm with 64 children (8–10 years old) to test the role of cognitive inhibition in syllogisms with belief‐bias effects. On trials where negative priming was predicted, results were as follows: For the first syllogism (A), the strategy ‘unbelievable‐equals‐invalid’ had to be inhibited. The logic of the syllogism led to affirming a conclusion inconsistent with one's knowledge of the world, such as ‘All elephants are light.’ For the second syllogism (B), one's real‐world knowledge and the syllogism's logic were congruent but the latter required affirming exactly what had been inhibited for A (i.e. that elephants are heavy). A negative priming effect on the A‐B sequence was reflected in a significant drop in reasoning performance on B. This supports the idea that during cognitive development, inhibitory control is required for success on syllogisms where beliefs and logic interfere. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Developmental Science Wiley

Syllogistic reasoning and belief‐bias inhibition in school children: evidence from a negative priming paradigm

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References (29)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 2006 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
ISSN
1363-755X
eISSN
1467-7687
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00476.x
pmid
16472317
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Research on deductive reasoning in adolescents and adults has shown that errors in deductive logic are not necessarily due to a lack of logical ability but can stem from an executive failure to inhibit biases. Few studies have examined this dissociation in children. Here, we used a negative priming paradigm with 64 children (8–10 years old) to test the role of cognitive inhibition in syllogisms with belief‐bias effects. On trials where negative priming was predicted, results were as follows: For the first syllogism (A), the strategy ‘unbelievable‐equals‐invalid’ had to be inhibited. The logic of the syllogism led to affirming a conclusion inconsistent with one's knowledge of the world, such as ‘All elephants are light.’ For the second syllogism (B), one's real‐world knowledge and the syllogism's logic were congruent but the latter required affirming exactly what had been inhibited for A (i.e. that elephants are heavy). A negative priming effect on the A‐B sequence was reflected in a significant drop in reasoning performance on B. This supports the idea that during cognitive development, inhibitory control is required for success on syllogisms where beliefs and logic interfere.

Journal

Developmental Science – Wiley

Published: Mar 1, 2006

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