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Footnotes 2 China's first modernization effort, launched by senior officials of the Qing Dynasty immediately after the suppression of the Taiping Rebellion in the mid‐nineteenth century. 3 That is, the broad and significantly internalized range of traditional Chinese social, political and economic ideas and their institutionalization. 4 Mao admitted that “without armed struggle neither the proletariat, nor the people, nor the Communist Party would have any standing at all in China and it would be impossible for the revolution to triumph”. See Mao Zedong, “Introducing The Communist” (4 October 1939), in Quotations from Chairman Mao Tze‐tung, (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1966), p. 62. 5 See, for instance, Mencius, “Ten Wen Gong” [“A Dialogue with King Wen of the State of Ten”], in The Four Books of the Chinese Classics, — The Works of Mencius, (Hong Kong: 1898), book 1, p. 387, 6 This warning was first given by Li Hongzhang. See his “Fuzou Haifang shiyi Shu” (“A Second Memorial on Coast Defence Affairs”] in Li Wen zhong gong zougao [The Revered Mr. Li Hongzhang's Memorials to the Throne], Vol. 24, cited by Xiao Gongqin, Rujia wenhua de kunjing [The Dilemma of Confucian Culture], (Chengdu: Sichuan People's Publishing House,
Australian Journal of Politics and History – Wiley
Published: Apr 1, 1990
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