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Reevaluating the role of the hippocampus in memory: A meta‐analysis of neurotoxic lesion studies in nonhuman primates

Reevaluating the role of the hippocampus in memory: A meta‐analysis of neurotoxic lesion studies... The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex are both broadly implicated in memory; nevertheless, their relative contributions to visual item recognition and location memory remain disputed. Neuropsychological studies in nonhuman primates that examine memory function after selective damage to medial temporal lobe structures report various levels of memory impairment—ranging from minor deficits to profound amnesia. The discrepancies in published findings have complicated efforts to determine the exact magnitude of visual item recognition and location memory impairments following damage to the hippocampus and/or perirhinal cortex. To provide the most accurate estimate to date of the overall effect size, we use meta‐analytic techniques on data aggregated from 26 publications that assessed visual item recognition and/or location memory in nonhuman primates with and without selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. We estimated the overall effect size, evaluated the relation between lesion extent and effect size, and investigated factors that may account for between‐study variation. Grouping studies by lesion target and testing method, separate meta‐analyses were conducted. One meta‐analysis indicated that impairments on tests of visual item recognition were larger after lesions of perirhinal cortex than after lesions of the hippocampus. A separate meta‐analysis showed that performance on tests of location memory was severely impaired by lesions of the hippocampus. For the most part, meta‐regressions indicated that greater impairment corresponds with greater lesion extent; paradoxically, however, more extensive hippocampal lesions predicted smaller impairments on tests of visual item recognition. We conclude the perirhinal cortex makes a larger contribution than the hippocampus to visual item recognition, and the hippocampus predominately contributes to spatial navigation. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Hippocampus Wiley

Reevaluating the role of the hippocampus in memory: A meta‐analysis of neurotoxic lesion studies in nonhuman primates

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References (170)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
ISSN
1050-9631
eISSN
1098-1063
DOI
10.1002/hipo.23499
Publisher site
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Abstract

The hippocampus and perirhinal cortex are both broadly implicated in memory; nevertheless, their relative contributions to visual item recognition and location memory remain disputed. Neuropsychological studies in nonhuman primates that examine memory function after selective damage to medial temporal lobe structures report various levels of memory impairment—ranging from minor deficits to profound amnesia. The discrepancies in published findings have complicated efforts to determine the exact magnitude of visual item recognition and location memory impairments following damage to the hippocampus and/or perirhinal cortex. To provide the most accurate estimate to date of the overall effect size, we use meta‐analytic techniques on data aggregated from 26 publications that assessed visual item recognition and/or location memory in nonhuman primates with and without selective neurotoxic lesions of the hippocampus or perirhinal cortex. We estimated the overall effect size, evaluated the relation between lesion extent and effect size, and investigated factors that may account for between‐study variation. Grouping studies by lesion target and testing method, separate meta‐analyses were conducted. One meta‐analysis indicated that impairments on tests of visual item recognition were larger after lesions of perirhinal cortex than after lesions of the hippocampus. A separate meta‐analysis showed that performance on tests of location memory was severely impaired by lesions of the hippocampus. For the most part, meta‐regressions indicated that greater impairment corresponds with greater lesion extent; paradoxically, however, more extensive hippocampal lesions predicted smaller impairments on tests of visual item recognition. We conclude the perirhinal cortex makes a larger contribution than the hippocampus to visual item recognition, and the hippocampus predominately contributes to spatial navigation.

Journal

Hippocampus – Wiley

Published: Jun 1, 2023

Keywords: item recognition; meta‐regression; Perirhinal cortex; spatial navigation

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