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Longitudinal Study of Reading Disability and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for Education

Longitudinal Study of Reading Disability and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder:... ABSTRACT— The majority of children who receive special education services meet criteria for reading disability (RD) or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but additional research is needed to understand the long‐term academic outcome of children in these groups. Individuals with RD only (N = 71), ADHD only (N = 66), both RD and ADHD (N = 51), or neither disorder (N = 118) were identified through the ongoing Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center twin study and retested 5 years later. Results of the follow‐up testing indicated that, in addition to ongoing reading difficulties, individuals with RD exhibited higher rates of academic difficulties, depression, and adolescent‐onset conduct disorder. Initial ADHD status was associated with academic and social difficulties and elevated rates of nearly all comorbid disorders 5 years later. The group with comorbid RD and ADHD had more stable reading deficits than the group with RD without ADHD and exhibited greater impairment than groups with either disorder alone on outcome measures of academic functioning and social difficulties. These results suggest that individuals with both RD and ADHD are at increased risk for negative outcomes as adolescents and young adults and that when RD and ADHD co‐occur, interventions should be provided for both disorders. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Mind, Brain, and Education Wiley

Longitudinal Study of Reading Disability and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for Education

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References (39)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
2007 International Mind, Brain, and Education Society and Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
ISSN
1751-2271
eISSN
1751-228X
DOI
10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00019.x
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

ABSTRACT— The majority of children who receive special education services meet criteria for reading disability (RD) or attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but additional research is needed to understand the long‐term academic outcome of children in these groups. Individuals with RD only (N = 71), ADHD only (N = 66), both RD and ADHD (N = 51), or neither disorder (N = 118) were identified through the ongoing Colorado Learning Disabilities Research Center twin study and retested 5 years later. Results of the follow‐up testing indicated that, in addition to ongoing reading difficulties, individuals with RD exhibited higher rates of academic difficulties, depression, and adolescent‐onset conduct disorder. Initial ADHD status was associated with academic and social difficulties and elevated rates of nearly all comorbid disorders 5 years later. The group with comorbid RD and ADHD had more stable reading deficits than the group with RD without ADHD and exhibited greater impairment than groups with either disorder alone on outcome measures of academic functioning and social difficulties. These results suggest that individuals with both RD and ADHD are at increased risk for negative outcomes as adolescents and young adults and that when RD and ADHD co‐occur, interventions should be provided for both disorders.

Journal

Mind, Brain, and EducationWiley

Published: Dec 1, 2007

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