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INTRODUCTIONXenotransplantation using porcine corneas has been suggested as a possible alternative to overcome an emerging shortage of human donor corneas. The physical properties of the porcine cornea are comparable to those of the human cornea, which means humans suffering from corneal blindness will see better after xenocorneal transplantation, and their use is ethically acceptable. The main hurdle, huge antigenic differences between species, has been overcome in clinically applicable pig‐to‐non‐human primate (NHP) corneal transplantation models using different immunosuppressive strategies according to the type of transplantation. Long‐term survivals of decellularized porcine corneal lamellar grafts were achieved in an anterior lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) model using only steroid‐based immunosuppression. Even full‐thickness porcine corneal grafts survived more than 6 months under an anti‐CD154 antibody‐based potent immunosuppressive regimen. Through these promising results, clinical trials of xenocorneal transplantation are becoming a reality.However, another obstacle to overcome is the cross‐species transmission of porcine pathogens. Recently, public concerns about xenozoonosis have increased, as this happens not infrequently. The latest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in South Korea is a good example of such concerns. Although no exogenous retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus‐1 or human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐1 have been found in pigs, the potential risk of infection
Xenotransplantation – Wiley
Published: Jul 1, 2017
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