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K. Kümmerer (2008)
Pharmaceuticals in the environment : sources, fate, effects and risks
K. Kümmerer, A. Henninger (2003)
Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 9 12
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Biodegradability of Cefotiam, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Penicillin G, and Sulfamethoxazole and Inhibition of Waste Water BacteriaArchives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 37
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Herbert Buxton, D. Kolpin (2002)
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Pharmaceuticals in groundwaters analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.Journal of chromatography. A, 938 1-2
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Environmental exposure and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents in wastewater and river water of the Glatt Valley Watershed, Switzerland.Environmental science & technology, 36 17
R. Wise (2002)
Antimicrobial resistance: priorities for action.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 49 4
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Determination of Antibiotic Residues in Manure, Soil, and Surface WatersActa Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica, 31
K. Kümmerer, A. Al-Ahmad, V. Mersch‐Sundermann (2000)
Biodegradability of some antibiotics, elimination of the genotoxicity and affection of wastewater bacteria in a simple test.Chemosphere, 40 7
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Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment.Environmental science & technology, 39 11
R. Alexy, Tina Kümpel, K. Kümmerer (2004)
Assessment of degradation of 18 antibiotics in the Closed Bottle Test.Chemosphere, 57 6
Most antibiotics are only partially metabolised by patients before being discharged into the municipal sewage system along with patient excreta. Studies have shown that the majority of antibiotics pass through sewage treatment and are then released into the environment. Accordingly, investigations conducted in various countries have detected a number of antibiotics in the low μg or ng per litre range in different environmental compartments. Studies connecting mass balances of use on a local scale and of input and analysis of the antibiotic concentrations present in municipal sewage treatment plants are scarce. Data on local use of antibiotics and their relation to nationwide consumption are not available. This study investigated the use, input, and fate of antibiotics on a local scale and this data were compared with the German nationwide consumption. 42 antibiotics and 15 antimycotics were used in the mass balance consideration over a period of one year. It was found that the local pattern of usage differed only little from that found nationwide. Seasonal changes were minor and the concentrations actually measured were found to be in the expected range. Differences in both the identified occurrence and the concentrations of the target compounds were observed within and between the three sampling periods.
Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 2006
Keywords: ; ; ;
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