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Autism Spectrum and Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorders: OC Behaviors, Phenotypes and Genetics Suma Jacob, Angeli Landeros‐Weisenberger, and James F. Leckman LAY ABSTRACT Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) include obsessive‐compulsive behaviors (OCB) that partially overlap with Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The symptoms that most closely resemble the repetitive behaviors seen in ASD include: (1) ordering and arranging, counting, doing and redoing often prompted by sensory phenomena urges, or a need to have things feel, look or sound “just right”, (2) rituals associated with sleep‐wake transitions, separation from attachment figures, as well as habits associated with dressing and grooming; and (3) collecting or hoarding. OCB associated with ASD are partially independent of genetic associations with the social disabilities of ASD, suggesting that a different set of genes influence OCB versus social behavioral deficits. Several family‐genetic studies have indicated that OCD itself may be part of a broader ASD phenotype because there is increased risk for OCD or traits in close family relatives of individuals with autism. Many typically developing children display OCB as toddlers and in the preschool age range. These behaviors are also frequently persistent in individuals with genetically determined intellectual disabilities including Fragile X syndrome, Prader‐Willi syndrome, and Smith‐ Magenis syndrome. Like
Autism Research – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 2009
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