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Late bloomer or language disorder? Differences in toddler vocabulary composition associated with long‐term language outcomes

Late bloomer or language disorder? Differences in toddler vocabulary composition associated with... INTRODUCTIONChildren's language skills and vocabulary knowledge rapidly increase during the second year of life. By the time they are 24 months old, the majority of children have an expressive vocabulary of between 150 and 450 words (Fenson et al., 1994). However, there are vast individual differences in children's vocabulary development such that many children do not make such rapid gains and have much smaller expressive and/or receptive vocabularies than average. These children are commonly referred to as “late talkers” (Macroy‐Higgins & Montemarano, 2016; Rescorla, 2011). Late talkers vary from each other in their vocabulary size, phonological skills, pragmatic and social abilities, demographic backgrounds, and more (see Desmarais et al., 2008). Moreover, late talkers also vary greatly in their long‐term outcomes. Around half of these children are “late bloomers,” eventually catching up to their peers in the following years and having vocabularies in the normal range (Rescorla, 2011; Singleton, 2018). Nevertheless, a sizable number of late talkers continue to have persisting language delays and are later diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD; Bishop, 2017; McGregor et al., 2020; Rescorla, 2011). As DLD has significant cascading impacts on life outcomes, knowing which late talkers will bloom and which will continue to have delays is http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Developmental Science Wiley

Late bloomer or language disorder? Differences in toddler vocabulary composition associated with long‐term language outcomes

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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
ISSN
1363-755X
eISSN
1467-7687
DOI
10.1111/desc.13342
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Abstract

INTRODUCTIONChildren's language skills and vocabulary knowledge rapidly increase during the second year of life. By the time they are 24 months old, the majority of children have an expressive vocabulary of between 150 and 450 words (Fenson et al., 1994). However, there are vast individual differences in children's vocabulary development such that many children do not make such rapid gains and have much smaller expressive and/or receptive vocabularies than average. These children are commonly referred to as “late talkers” (Macroy‐Higgins & Montemarano, 2016; Rescorla, 2011). Late talkers vary from each other in their vocabulary size, phonological skills, pragmatic and social abilities, demographic backgrounds, and more (see Desmarais et al., 2008). Moreover, late talkers also vary greatly in their long‐term outcomes. Around half of these children are “late bloomers,” eventually catching up to their peers in the following years and having vocabularies in the normal range (Rescorla, 2011; Singleton, 2018). Nevertheless, a sizable number of late talkers continue to have persisting language delays and are later diagnosed with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD; Bishop, 2017; McGregor et al., 2020; Rescorla, 2011). As DLD has significant cascading impacts on life outcomes, knowing which late talkers will bloom and which will continue to have delays is

Journal

Developmental Science – Wiley

Published: Nov 10, 2022

Keywords: developmental language disorder; late talker; shape bias; vocabulary

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