Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
I. Graham, D. Atar, K. Borch-Johnsen, G. Boysen, G. Burell, R. Cífková, J. Dallongeville, G. Backer, S. Ebrahim, B. Gjelsvik, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Arno Hoes, Stephen Humphries, M. Knapton, J. Perk, S. Priori, K. Pyörälä, Željko Reiner, L. Ruilope, Susana Sans-Menendez, W. Reimer, Peter Weissberg, D. Wood, J. Yarnell, J. Zamorano (2008)
EUROPEAN GUIDELINES ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (ENDING). FOURTH JOINT TASK FORCE OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY AND OTHER SOCIETIES ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICERacionalʹnaâ Farmakoterapiâ v Kardiologii, 4
M. Blaha, M. Budoff, A. DeFilippis, R. Blankstein, J. Rivera, A. Agatston, D. O'leary, J. Lima, R. Blumenthal, K. Nasir (2011)
Associations between C-reactive protein, coronary artery calcium, and cardiovascular events: implications for the JUPITER population from MESA, a population-based cohort studyThe Lancet, 378
J. Cao, A. Arnold, T. Manolio, J. Polak, B. Psaty, C. Hirsch, L. Kuller, M. Cushman (2007)
Association of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness, Plaques, and C-Reactive Protein With Future Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health StudyCirculation, 116
F. Wensley, P. Gao, S. Burgess, S. Kaptoge, E. Angelantonio, T. Shah, J. Engert, R. Clarke, G. Davey-Smith, B. Nordestgaard, D. Saleheen, N. Samani, M. Sandhu, S. Anand, M. Pepys, L. Smeeth, J. Whittaker, J. Casas, S. Thompson, A. Hingorani, J. Danesh (2011)
Association between C reactive protein and coronary heart disease: mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant dataThe BMJ, 342
(2012)
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): the Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts), 33
P. Ridker, E. Danielson, F. Fonseca, J. Genest, A. Gotto, J. Kastelein, W. Koenig, P. Libby, A. Lorenzatti, Jean Macfadyen, B. Nordestgaard, J. Shepherd, J. Willerson, R. Glynn (2008)
Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein.The New England journal of medicine, 359 21
T. Noh, S. Moon, Y. Cho, Sun-pyo Hong, E. Lee, J. Choi, Byung‐Tae Kim, Kyung-Han Lee (2013)
Relation of Carotid Artery 18F-FDG Uptake to C-Reactive Protein and Framingham Risk Score in a Large Cohort of Asymptomatic AdultsThe Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 54
P. Ridker (2016)
From C-Reactive Protein to Interleukin-6 to Interleukin-1: Moving Upstream To Identify Novel Targets for Atheroprotection.Circulation research, 118 1
M. Naghavi, P. Libby, E. Falk, S. Casscells, S. Litovsky, J. Rumberger, J. Badimón, C. Stefanadis, P. Moreno, G. Pasterkamp, Z. Fayad, P. Stone, S. Waxman, P. Raggi, M. Madjid, Alireza Zarrabi, A. Burke, C. Yuan, P. Fitzgerald, D. Siscovick, C. Korte, M. Aikawa, K. Airaksinen, G. Assmann, C. Becker, J. Chesebro, A. Farb, Z. Galis, C. Jackson, I. Jang, W. Koenig, R. Lodder, K. March, J. Demirovic, M. Navab, S. Priori, M. Rekhter, R. Bahr, S. Grundy, R. Mehran, A. Colombo, E. Boerwinkle, C. Ballantyne, W. Insull, R. Schwartz, R. Vogel, P. Serruys, G. Hansson, D. Faxon, S. Kaul, H. Drexler, P. Greenland, J. Muller, R. Virmani, P. Ridker, D. Zipes, P. Shah, J. Willerson (2003)
From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II.Circulation, 108 15
Anne Thiébaut, J. Benichou (2004)
Choice of time‐scale in Cox's model analysis of epidemiologic cohort data: a simulation studyStatistics in Medicine, 23
T. Park (2016)
Evaluation of Carotid Plaque Using Ultrasound ImagingJournal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 24
D. Halvorsen, S. Johnsen, E. Mathiesen, I. Njølstad (2009)
The Association between Inflammatory Markers and Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Sex Dependent: the Tromsø StudyCerebrovascular Diseases, 27
G. Smith, S. Ebrahim (2003)
'Mendelian randomization': can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?International journal of epidemiology, 32 1
RJ Bisoendial, SM Boekholdt, M Vergeer, ES Stroes, JJ Kastelein (2010)
C‐reactive protein is a mediator of cardiovascular disease, 31
J. Spence, M. Eliasziw, M. Dicicco, D. Hackam, Ramzy Galil, Tara Lohmann (2002)
Carotid Plaque Area: A Tool for Targeting and Evaluating Vascular Preventive TherapyStroke: Journal of the American Heart Association, 33
J. Polak, M. Szklo, R. Kronmal, G. Burke, S. Shea, A. Zavodni, D. O'leary (2013)
The Value of Carotid Artery Plaque and Intima‐Media Thickness for Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of AtherosclerosisJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 2
T. Pearson, G. Mensah, R. Alexander, Jeffrey Anderson, R. Cannon, M. Criqui, Y. Fadl, S. Fortmann, Yuling Hong, G. Myers, N. Rifai, Sidney Smith, K. Taubert, Russell Tracy, F. Vinicor (2003)
Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association.Circulation, 107 3
C. Yancy, M. Jessup, B. Bozkurt, J. Butler, D. Casey, M. Drazner, G. Fonarow, S. Geraci, T. Horwich, J. Januzzi, Maryl Johnson, E. Kasper, W. Levy, F. Masoudi, P. Mcbride, J. McMurray, J. Mitchell, Pamela Peterson, B. Riegel, F. Sam, L. Stevenson, W. Tang, E. Tsai, B. Wilkoff (2013)
2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62 16
G. Backer, E. Ambrosioni, K. Borch-Johnsen, C. Brotons, R. Cífková, J. Dallongeville, S. Ebrahim, O. Faergeman, I. Graham, G. Mancia, V. Cats, K. Orth-Gomér, J. Perk, K. Pyörälä, J. Rodicio, S. Sans, V. Sansoy, U. Sechtem, S. Silber, T. Thomsen, D. Wood (2005)
EUROPEAN GUIDELINES ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION IN CLINICAL PRACTICERacionalʹnaâ Farmakoterapiâ v Kardiologii, 1
G. Boysen (2009)
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease PreventionInternational Journal of Stroke, 4
T. Shah, J. Casas, J. Cooper, I. Tzoulaki, R. Sofat, V. McCormack, L. Smeeth, J. Deanfield, G. Lowe, A. Rumley, F. Fowkes, S. Humphries, A. Hingorani (2009)
Critical appraisal of CRP measurement for the prediction of coronary heart disease events: new data and systematic review of 31 prospective cohorts.International journal of epidemiology, 38 1
O. Joakimsen, K. Bønaa, E. Stensland-Bugge (1997)
Reproducibility of ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque occurrence, thickness, and morphology. The Tromsø Study.Stroke, 28 11
R. Bisoendial, S. Boekholdt, M. Vergeer, E. Stroes, J. Kastelein (2010)
Controversies in cardiovascular medicine C-reactive protein is a mediator of cardiovascular disease
B. Jacobsen, A. Eggen, E. Mathiesen, T. Wilsgaard, I. Njølstad (2011)
Cohort profile: The Tromsø StudyInternational Journal of Epidemiology, 41
V. Martínez, J. González-Juanatey (2009)
Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular DiseaseAmerican Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 9
M. Grønholdt, H. Sillesen, B. Wiebe, H. Laursen, B. Nordestgaard (2001)
Increased acute phase reactants are associated with levels of lipoproteins and increased carotid plaque volume.European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 21 3
K. Rothman (1976)
The estimation of synergy or antagonism.American journal of epidemiology, 103 5
S. Kaptoge, E. Angelantonio, G. Lowe, M. Pepys, S. Thompson, R. Collins, J. Danesh (2010)
C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysisLancet, 375
* Observations † Crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years
S. Johnsen, E. Mathiesen (2009)
Carotid plaque compared with intima-media thickness as a predictor of coronary and cerebrovascular diseaseCurrent Cardiology Reports, 11
(2001)
MORGAM manual
G. Cimmino, M. Ragni, P. Cirillo, G. Petrillo, F. Loffredo, M. Chiariello, P. Gresele, E. Falcinelli, P. Golino (2013)
C-reactive protein induces expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9: a possible link between inflammation and plaque rupture.International journal of cardiology, 168 2
I. Montero, J. Orbe, N. Varo, O. Beloqui, J. Monreal, J. Rodríguez, J. Dı́ez, P. Libby, J. Paramo (2006)
C-reactive protein induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -10 in human endothelial cells: implications for clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47 7
M. Naghavi, P. Libby, E. Falk, S. Casscells, S. Litovsky, J. Rumberger, J. Badimón, C. Stefanadis, P. Moreno, G. Pasterkamp, Z. Fayad, P. Stone, S. Waxman, P. Raggi, M. Madjid, Alireza Zarrabi, A. Burke, C. Yuan, P. Fitzgerald, D. Siscovick, C. Korte, M. Aikawa, K. Airaksinen, G. Assmann, C. Becker, J. Chesebro, A. Farb, Z. Galis, C. Jackson, I. Jang, W. Koenig, R. Lodder, K. March, J. Demirovic, M. Navab, S. Priori, M. Rekhter, R. Bahr, S. Grundy, R. Mehran, A. Colombo, E. Boerwinkle, C. Ballantyne, W. Insull, R. Schwartz, R. Vogel, P. Serruys, G. Hansson, D. Faxon, S. Kaul, H. Drexler, P. Greenland, J. Muller, R. Virmani, P. Ridker, D. Zipes, P. Shah, J. Willerson (2003)
From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I.Circulation, 108 14
T. Andersson, L. Alfredsson, H. Källberg, S. Zdravkovic, A. Ahlbom (2005)
Calculating measures of biological interactionEuropean Journal of Epidemiology, 20
N. Cook, P. Ridker (2009)
Advances in Measuring the Effect of Individual Predictors of Cardiovascular Risk: The Role of Reclassification MeasuresAnnals of Internal Medicine, 150
D. Goff, D. Lloyd‐Jones, G. Bennett, S. Coady, R. D'Agostino, R. Gibbons, P. Greenland, D. Lackland, D. Levy, C. O’Donnell, Jennifer Robinson, J. Schwartz, Susan Shero, Sidney Smith, P. Sorlie, N. Stone, Peter Wilson, Harmon Jordan, Lev Nevo, Janusz Wnek, Jeffrey Anderson, L. Halperin, Nancy Albert, Biykem Bozkurt, R. Brindis, Lesley Curtis, D. DeMets, J. Hochman, Richard Kovacs, E. Ohman, S. Pressler, Frank Sellke, Win-Kuang Shen (2014)
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice GuidelinesCirculation, 129
E. Fosse, S. Johnsen, E. Stensland-Bugge, O. Joakimsen, E. Mathiesen, E. Arnesen, I. Njølstad (2006)
Repeated visual and computer-assisted carotid plaque characterization in a longitudinal population-based ultrasound study: the Tromsø study.Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 32 1
M. Lorenz, H. Markus, M. Bots, M. Rosvall, M. Sitzer (2007)
Prediction of Clinical Cardiovascular Events With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisCirculation, 115
(2009)
The use and magnitude of reclassification measures for individual predictors of global cardiovascular risk
J. Danesh, J. Wheeler, G. Hirschfield, S. Eda, G. Eiriksdottir, A. Rumley, G. Lowe, M. Pepys, V. Gudnason (2004)
C-reactive protein and other circulating markers of inflammation in the prediction of coronary heart disease.The New England journal of medicine, 350 14
F. Strang, H. Schunkert (2014)
C-Reactive Protein and Coronary Heart Disease: All Said—Is Not It?Mediators of Inflammation, 2014
F Harrell, Kerry Lee, D. Mark (2005)
Prognostic/Clinical Prediction Models: Multivariable Prognostic Models: Issues in Developing Models, Evaluating Assumptions and Adequacy, and Measuring and Reducing Errors
O. Ben-Yehuda (2007)
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in every chart? The use of biomarkers in individual patients.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 49 21
M. Pencina, R. Agostino, R. Agostino, R. Vasan (2008)
Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyondStatistics in Medicine, 27
P. Willeit, P. Willeit, S. Thompson, S. Agewall, G. Bergström, H. Bickel, A. Catapano, K. Chien, E. Groot, J. Empana, T. Etgen, O. Franco, B. Iglseder, S. Johnsen, M. Kavousi, L. Lind, Jing Liu, E. Mathiesen, G. Norata, M. Olsen, A. Papagianni, H. Poppert, J. Price, R. Sacco, D. Yanez, Dong Zhao, U. Schminke, Alpaslan Bülbül, J. Polak, M. Sitzer, A. Hofman, A. Hofman, L. Grigore, M. Dörr, T. Su, P. Ducimetiere, Wuxiang Xie, Kimmo Ronkainen, S. Kiechl, T. Rundek, C. Robertson, B. Fagerberg, L. Bokemark, H. Steinmetz, M. Ikram, H. Völzke, Hung-Ju Lin, Matthieu Plichart, T. Tuomainen, M. Desvarieux, S. McLachlan, C. Schmidt, J. Kauhanen, J. Willeit, M. Lorenz, D. Sander (2016)
Inflammatory markers and extent and progression of early atherosclerosis: Meta-analysis of individual-participant-data from 20 prospective studies of the PROG-IMT collaborationEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 23
E. Mathiesen, K. Bønaa, O. Joakimsen (2001)
Echolucent Plaques Are Associated With High Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events in Carotid Stenosis: The Tromsø StudyCirculation: Journal of the American Heart Association, 103
Vijay Nambi, L. Chambless, A. Folsom, Max He, Yi-Juan Hu, T. Mosley, K. Volcik, E. Boerwinkle, C. Ballantyne (2010)
Carotid intima-media thickness and presence or absence of plaque improves prediction of coronary heart disease risk: the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55 15
J. Hutcheon, A. Chiolero, J. Hanley (2010)
Random measurement error and regression dilution biasBMJ : British Medical Journal, 340
Adjusted for age ( § and sex)
Matthieu Plichart, D. Celermajer, M. Zureik, C. Helmer, X. Jouven, K. Ritchie, C. Tzourio, P. Ducimetiere, J. Empana (2011)
Carotid intima-media thickness in plaque-free site, carotid plaques and coronary heart disease risk prediction in older adults. The Three-City Study.Atherosclerosis, 219 2
A. Eggen, E. Mathiesen, T. Wilsgaard, B. Jacobsen, I. Njølstad (2013)
The sixth survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø 6) in 2007–08: Collaborative research in the interface between clinical medicine and epidemiology: Study objectives, design, data collection procedures, and attendance in a multipurpose population-based health surveyScandinavian Journal of Public Health, 41
Marit Herder, S. Johnsen, K. Arntzen, E. Mathiesen (2012)
Risk Factors for Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Total Plaque Area: A 13-Year Follow-Up Study The Tromsø StudyStroke, 43
A. Agarwala, S. Virani, D. Couper, L. Chambless, E. Boerwinkle, B. Astor, R. Hoogeveen, J. Coresh, A. Sharrett, A. Folsom, T. Mosley, C. Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi (2016)
Biomarkers and degree of atherosclerosis are independently associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a primary prevention cohort: The ARIC study.Atherosclerosis, 253
(2016)
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: the Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of 10 societies and by invited experts): developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR), 23
S. Peters, H. Ruijter, M. Bots, K. Moons (2011)
Improvements in risk stratification for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease by imaging subclinical atherosclerosis: a systematic reviewHeart, 98
(2014)
Risk prediction modeling - SAS Macros
M. Lewis, P. Callas, N. Jenny, R. Tracy (2001)
Longitudinal Stability of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis, and Inflammation Factors in Stored Plasma SamplesThrombosis and Haemostasis, 86
(1996)
Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors, 15
Lauren Weber, M. Cheezum, J. Reese, Alison Lane, Ryan Haley, Meredith Lutz, T. Villines (2015)
Cardiovascular Imaging for the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease EventsCurrent Cardiovascular Imaging Reports, 8
T. Naqvi, Ming-Sum Lee (2014)
Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in cardiovascular risk assessment.JACC. Cardiovascular imaging, 7 10
Yoichi Inaba, Jennifer Chen, S. Bergmann (2011)
Carotid plaque, compared with carotid intima-media thickness, more accurately predicts coronary artery disease events: a meta-analysis.Atherosclerosis, 220 1
Agnethe Eltoft, K. Arntzen, J. Hansen, T. Wilsgaard, E. Mathiesen, S. Johnsen (2017)
C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis - A risk marker but not a causal factor? A 13-year population-based longitudinal study: The Tromsø study.Atherosclerosis, 263
K. Volcik, E. Boerwinkle, C. Ballantyne, Vijay Nambi, L. Chambless, A. Folsom, Max He, Yi-Juan Hu (2011)
Communities) Study In Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Presence or Absence of Plaque Improves
J. Zacho, A. Tybjaerg-hansen, J. Jensen, P. Grande, H. Sillesen, B. Nordestgaard (2008)
Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease.The New England journal of medicine, 359 18
J. Perk, G. Backer, H. Gohlke, I. Graham, Željko Reiner, W. Verschuren, C. Albus, P. Benlian, G. Boysen, R. Cífková, C. Deaton, S. Ebrahim, Miles Fisher, G. Germano, R. Hobbs, A. Hoes, Ş. Karadeniz, A. Mezzani, E. Prescott, L. Rydén, M. Scherer, M. Syvänne, W. Reimer, C. Vrints, D. Wood, J. Zamorano, F. Zannad, Developed Rehabilitation (2012)
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19
Journal of the American Heart Association Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease – Wiley
Published: Jan 5, 2018
Keywords: ; ; ; ;
You can share this free article with as many people as you like with the url below! We hope you enjoy this feature!
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.