Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
S. Herrero, T. Gechev, P. Bakker, W. Moar, R. Maagd (2005)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca-resistant Spodoptera exigua lacks expression of one of four Aminopeptidase N genesBMC Genomics, 6
A. Gassmann, Y. Carrière, B. Tabashnik (2009)
Fitness costs of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis.Annual review of entomology, 54
M. Whalon, Deborah Miller, R. Hollingworth, E. Grafius, James Miller (1993)
Selection of a Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Strain Resistant to Bacillus thuringiensisJournal of Economic Entomology, 86
J. Ferré, J. Rie (1995)
Biochemistry and genetics of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis.Annual review of entomology, 47
A. Conesa, S. Götz, J. M. García‐Gómez, J. Terol, M. Talón, M. Robles (2005)
Blast2GO: A universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research, 21
(2017)
Handy Bt trait table updated for 2017 MSU Extension Online http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/handy_bt_trait_table (accessed 6 April 2017)
Yanyuan Lei, Xun Zhu, W. Xie, Qing-jun Wu, Shaoli Wang, Zhaojiang Guo, Bao-yun Xu, Xianchun Li, X. Zhou, Youjun Zhang (2014)
Midgut transcriptome response to a Cry toxin in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).Gene, 533 1
N. Bulushova, D. Zhuzhikov, L. Lyutikova, N. Kirillova, I. Zalunin, G. Chestukhina (2011)
Toxin-binding proteins isolated from yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor and wax moth Galleria mellonellaBiochemistry (Moscow), 76
Seong-il Eyun, Haichuan Wang, Y. Pauchet, R. ffrench-Constant, A. Benson, A. Valencia-Jiménez, E. Moriyama, B. Siegfried (2014)
Molecular Evolution of Glycoside Hydrolase Genes in the Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)PLoS ONE, 9
J. Jurat-Fuentes, L. Karumbaiah, S. Jakka, C. Ning, Chenxi Liu, Kongming Wu, Jerreme Jackson, F. Gould, C. Blanco, M. Portilla, O. Perera, M. Adang (2011)
Reduced Levels of Membrane-Bound Alkaline Phosphatase Are Common to Lepidopteran Strains Resistant to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensisPLoS ONE, 6
A. Gassmann, R. Shrestha, S. Jakka, Mike Dunbar, Eric Clifton, Aubrey Paolino, David Ingber, David Ingber, B. French, Kenneth Masloski, John Dounda, C. Clair (2016)
Evidence of Resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Root Injury in the Field and Larval Survival in Plant-Based BioassaysJournal of Economic Entomology, 109
D. Kang, Gang Liu, A. Lundström, E. Gelius, H. Steiner (1998)
A peptidoglycan recognition protein in innate immunity conserved from insects to humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 17
E. Levine, J. Spencer, S. Isard, D. Onstad, M. Gray (2002)
Adaptation of the Western Corn Rootworm to crop rotation: Evolution of a new strain in response to a management practiceAmerican Entomologist, 48
Young-jin Park, M. Abdullah, M. Taylor, Khalidur Rahman, M. Adang (2009)
Enhancement of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Bb Toxicities to Coleopteran Larvae by a Toxin-Binding Fragment of an Insect CadherinApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 75
T. Jombart (2008)
adegenet: a R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markersBioinformatics, 24 11
Joel Griffitts, R. Aroian (2005)
Many roads to resistance: how invertebrates adapt to Bt toxinsBioEssays, 27
Rosalind Wright, M. Scharf, L. Meinke, X. Zhou, B. Siegfried, L. Chandler (2000)
Larval Susceptibility of an Insecticide-Resistant Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Population to Soil Insecticides: Laboratory Bioassays, Assays of Detoxification Enzymes, and Field Performance, 93
U. Nagalakshmi, Karl Waern, Michael Snyder (2010)
RNA‐Seq: A Method for Comprehensive Transcriptome AnalysisCurrent Protocols in Molecular Biology, 89
Lex Flagel, R. Bansal, R. Kerstetter, Mao Chen, Matthew Carroll, Ronald Flannagan, T. Clark, B. Goldman, A. Michel (2014)
Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) transcriptome assembly and genomic analysis of population structureBMC Genomics, 15
Ben Langmead, S. Salzberg (2012)
Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2Nature Methods, 9
M. Gray, T. Sappington, N. Miller, J. Moeser, M. Bohn (2009)
Adaptation and invasiveness of western corn rootworm: intensifying research on a worsening pest.Annual review of entomology, 54
A. Gassmann (2016)
Resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm: insights from the laboratory and the field.Current opinion in insect science, 15
Handy Bt trait table updated for 2017 | MSU Extension [WWW Document
A. Gassmann, J. Petzold-Maxwell, R. Keweshan, Mike Dunbar (2012)
Western corn rootworm and Bt maize: challenges of pest resistance in the field.GM crops & food, 3 3
S. Herrero, B. Oppert, J. Ferré (2001)
Different Mechanisms of Resistance toBacillus thuringiensis Toxins in the Indianmeal MothApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 67
David Ingber, A. Gassmann (2015)
Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Resistance to Cry3Bb1 Corn by Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), 108
N. Tinsley, R. Estes, M. Gray (2013)
Validation of a nested error component model to estimate damage caused by corn rootworm larvaeJournal of Applied Entomology, 137
D. Wangila, A. Gassmann, J. Petzold-Maxwell, B. French, L. Meinke (2015)
Susceptibility of Nebraska Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations to Bt Corn Events, 108
J. Jenkins, M. Lee, A. Valaitis, A. Curtiss, D. Dean (2000)
Bivalent Sequential Binding Model of a Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin to Gypsy Moth Aminopeptidase N Receptor*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275
J. Krysan, T. Miller (1986)
Methods for the Study of Pest Diabrotica
Ana Conesa, Stefan Götz, Juan García-Gómez, Javier Terol, Manuel Talón, Montserrat Robles (2005)
Sequence analysis Blast 2 GO : a universal tool for annotation , visualization and analysis in functional genomics research
E. Gasteiger, Alexandre Gattiker, C. Hoogland, I. Ivanyi, R. Appel, A. Bairoch (2003)
ExPASy: the proteomics server for in-depth protein knowledge and analysisNucleic acids research, 31 13
P. Knight, N. Crickmore, D. Ellar (1994)
The receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis CrylA(c) delta‐endotoxin in the brush border membrane of the lepidopteran Manduca sexta is aminopeptidase NMolecular Microbiology, 11
F. Zúñiga-Navarrete, I. Gómez, Guadalupe Peña, A. Bravo, M. Soberón (2013)
A Tenebrio molitor GPI-anchored alkaline phosphatase is involved in binding of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa to brush border membrane vesiclesPeptides, 41
M. Fernández-Luna, H. Lanz-Mendoza, S. Gill, A. Bravo, M. Soberón, J. Miranda-Ríos (2010)
An alpha-amylase is a novel receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis Cry4Ba and Cry11Aa toxins in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae).Environmental microbiology, 12 3
Y. Pauchet, A. Bretschneider, S. Augustin, D. Heckel (2016)
A P-Glycoprotein Is Linked to Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa Toxin in a Leaf BeetleToxins, 8
B. Coates, B. Siegfried (2015)
Linkage of an ABCC transporter to a single QTL that controls Ostrinia nubilalis larval resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa toxin.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 63
S. Jakka, R. Shrestha, A. Gassmann (2016)
Broad-spectrum resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins by western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)Scientific Reports, 6
C. Khajuria, L. Buschman, Ming-shun Chen, B. Siegfried, K. Zhu (2011)
Identification of a Novel Aminopeptidase P-Like Gene (OnAPP) Possibly Involved in Bt Toxicity and Resistance in a Major Corn Pest (Ostrinia nubilalis)PLoS ONE, 6
Erik Garrison, Gabor Marth (2012)
Haplotype-based variant detection from short-read sequencingarXiv: Genomics
T. Sappington, B. Siegfried, T. Guillemaud (2006)
Coordinated Diabrotica Genetics Research: Accelerating Progress on an Urgent Insect Pest ProblemAmerican Entomologist, 52
D. Heckel (2012)
Learning the ABCs of Bt: ABC transporters and insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis provide clues to a crucial step in toxin mode of actionPesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 104
Young-jin Park, Rosa González-Martínez, G. Navarro-Cerrillo, M. Chakroun, Yonggyun Kim, P. Ziarsolo, J. Blanca, J. Cañizares, J. Ferré, S. Herrero (2014)
ABCC transporters mediate insect resistance to multiple Bt toxins revealed by bulk segregant analysisBMC Biology, 12
Brenda Oppert, Karl Kramer, D. Johnson, S. Macintosh, W. Mcgaughey (1994)
Altered protoxin activation by midgut enzymes from a Bacillus thuringiensis resistant strain of Plodia interpunctella.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 198 3
M. Matz, Rachel Wright, James Scott (2013)
No Control Genes Required: Bayesian Analysis of qRT-PCR DataPLoS ONE, 8
B. Oppert, A. Martynov, E. Elpidina (2012)
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa protoxin intoxication of Tenebrio molitor induces widespread changes in the expression of serine peptidase transcripts.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics, 7 3
B. Knowles (1994)
Mechanism of Action of Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal δ-EndotoxinsAdvances in Insect Physiology, 24
W. Tay, R. Mahon, D. Heckel, T. Walsh, S. Downes, W. James, Sui-Fai Lee, A. Reineke, Adam Williams, K. Gordon (2015)
Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab Is Conferred by Mutations in an ABC Transporter Subfamily A ProteinPLoS Genetics, 11
R. Team (2014)
R: A language and environment for statistical computing.MSOR connections, 1
A. Gassmann, J. Petzold-Maxwell, R. Keweshan, Mike Dunbar (2011)
Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn RootwormPLoS ONE, 6
H. Ball, G. Weekman (1963)
Differential Resistance of Corn Rootworms to Insecticides in Nehraska and Adjoining StatesJournal of Economic Entomology, 56
Mackenzie Gavery, S. Roberts (2012)
Characterizing short read sequencing for gene discovery and RNA-Seq analysis in Crassostrea gigas.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics, 7 2
R. Dziarski, D. Gupta (2006)
The peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)Genome Biology, 7
Xuebin Zhang, M. Candas, N. Griko, L. Rose-Young, Lee Bulla (2005)
Cytotoxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin depends on specific binding of the toxin to the cadherin receptor BT-R1 expressed in insect cellsCell Death and Differentiation, 12
B. Knowles, D. Ellar (1987)
Colloid-osmotic lysis is a general feature of the mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins with different insect specificityBiochimica et Biophysica Acta, 924
S. Wright (1950)
Genetical Structure of PopulationsBritish Medical Journal, 2
(2009)
METHODOLOGY ARTICLE Open Access
D. Wangila, L. Meinke (2017)
Effects of adult emergence timing on susceptibility and fitness of Cry3Bb1‐resistant western corn rootwormsJournal of Applied Entomology, 141
Xuebin Zhang, M. Candas, N. Griko, R. Taussig, L. Bulla (2006)
A mechanism of cell death involving an adenylyl cyclase/PKA signaling pathway is induced by the Cry1Ab toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103 26
Craig Pigott, D. Ellar (2007)
Role of Receptors in Bacillus thuringiensis Crystal Toxin ActivityMicrobiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 71
D. Heckel, L. Gahan, S. Baxter, Jian-Zhou Zhao, A. Shelton, F. Gould, B. Tabashnik (2007)
The diversity of Bt resistance genes in species of Lepidoptera.Journal of invertebrate pathology, 95 3
P. Rice, Ian Longden, A. Bleasby (2000)
EMBOSS: the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite.Trends in genetics : TIG, 16 6
(2005)
BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS NOTE Sequence analysis r2cat: synteny plots and comparative assembly
Y. Benjamini, Y. Hochberg (1995)
Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, 57
F. Hieke (1988)
KRYSAN, J. K. & MILLER, T. A. edits. (1986): Methods for the Study of Pest Diabrotica. ‐ Springer Series in Experimental Entomology. Springer‐Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo. 272 S., 81 Abb., 19 Tab. ‐ Preis 198.‐ DM.Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 35
C. Usta (2013)
Microorganisms in Biological Pest Control — A Review (Bacterial Toxin Application and Effect of Environmental Factors)
B. Oppert, S. Dowd, P. Bouffard, Lewyn Li, A. Conesa, M. Lorenzen, M. Toutges, J. Marshall, D. Huestis, J. Fabrick, C. Oppert, J. Jurat-Fuentes (2012)
Transcriptome Profiling of the Intoxication Response of Tenebrio molitor Larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa ProtoxinPLoS ONE, 7
D. Ludwick, L. Meihls, K. Ostlie, Bruce Potter, L. French, B. Hibbard (2017)
Minnesota field population of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) shows incomplete resistance to Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1 and Cry3Bb1Journal of Applied Entomology, 141
B. Weir, C. Cockerham (1984)
ESTIMATING F‐STATISTICS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF POPULATION STRUCTUREEvolution, 38
M. Castro, B. Singer (2006)
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A New Application to Account for Multiple and Dependent Tests in Local Statistics of Spatial AssociationGeographical Analysis, 38
L. Gahan, Y. Pauchet, H. Vogel, D. Heckel (2010)
An ABC Transporter Mutation Is Correlated with Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac ToxinPLoS Genetics, 6
S. Rozen, H. Skaletsky (2000)
Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers.Methods in molecular biology, 132
Estefanía Contreras, C. Rausell, M. Real (2013)
Tribolium castaneum Apolipophorin-III acts as an immune response protein against Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Ba toxic activity.Journal of invertebrate pathology, 113 3
A. Gassmann, R. Shrestha, S. Jakka, Mike Dunbar, Eric Clifton, Aubrey Paolino, David Ingber, B. French, Kenneth Masloski, John Dounda, C. Clair (2017)
Insecticide Resistance and Resistance Management Evidence of Resistance to Cry 34 / 35 Ab 1 Corn by Western Corn Rootworm ( Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae ) : Root Injury in the Field and Larval Survival in Plant-Based Bioassays
J. Alouw, N. Miller (2015)
Effects of benzoxazinoids on specialist and generalist Diabrotica speciesJournal of Applied Entomology, 139
Sarah Zukoff, Sarah Zukoff, K. Ostlie, Bruce Potter, L. Meihls, A. Zukoff, L. French, M. Ellersieck, B. French, B. Hibbard (2016)
Multiple Assays Indicate Varying Levels of Cross Resistance in Cry3Bb1-Selected Field Populations of the Western Corn Rootworm to mCry3A, eCry3.1Ab, and Cry34/35Ab1Journal of Economic Entomology, 109
O. Loseva, M. Ibrahim, M. Candas, C. Koller, L. Bauer, L. Bauer, L. Bulla (2002)
Changes in protease activity and Cry3Aa toxin binding in the Colorado potato beetle: implications for insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 32 5
B. Oppert, K. Kramer, D. Johnson, S. Upton, W. Mcgaughey (1996)
Luminal proteinases from Plodia interpunctella and the hydrolysis of Bacillus thuringiensis CryIA(c) protoxin.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 26 6
P. Schrader, R. Estes, N. Tinsley, A. Gassmann, M. Gray (2017)
Evaluation of adult emergence and larval root injury for Cry3Bb1‐resistant populations of the western corn rootwormJournal of Applied Entomology, 141
Estefanía Contreras, C. Rausell, M. Real (2013)
Proteome Response of Tribolium castaneum Larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Producing StrainsPLoS ONE, 8
B. Coates, D. Sumerford, B. Siegfried, R. Hellmich, C. Abel (2013)
Unlinked genetic loci control the reduced transcription of aminopeptidase N 1 and 3 in the European corn borer and determine tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 43 12
A. Gassmann, J. Petzold-Maxwell, Eric Clifton, Mike Dunbar, A. Hoffmann, David Ingber, R. Keweshan (2014)
Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maizeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111
L. Meinke, B. Siegfried, R. Wright, L. Chandler (1998)
Adult Susceptibility of Nebraska Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations to Selected InsecticidesJournal of Economic Entomology, 91
Thaís Rodrigues, C. Khajuria, Haichuan Wang, N. Matz, Danielle Cardoso, F. Valicente, Xuguo Zhou, B. Siegfried (2014)
Validation of Reference Housekeeping Genes for Gene Expression Studies in Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)PLoS ONE, 9
G. Mackenzie, Roberts Steven, White Samuel (2013)
qPCR corroboration of an RNA-Seq experiment
Y. Bel, H. Siqueira, B. Siegfried, J. Ferré, B. Escriche (2009)
Variability in the cadherin gene in an Ostrinia nubilalis strain selected for Cry1Ab resistance.Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 39 3
Iain Milne, Gordon Stephen, M. Bayer, P. Cock, L. Pritchard, L. Cardle, Paul Shaw, D. Marshall (2013)
Using Tablet for visual exploration of second-generation sequencing dataBriefings in bioinformatics, 14 2
C. Ochoa-Campuzano, M. Real, A. Martínez-Ramírez, A. Bravo, C. Rausell (2007)
An ADAM metalloprotease is a Cry3Aa Bacillus thuringiensis toxin receptor.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 362 2
(2011)
Sickle: A sliding-window, adaptive, quality-based trimming tool for FastQ files
(2015)
Genetic Markers for Western Corn Rootworm Resistance to Bt ToxinG3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 5
C. Khajuria, Yu Zhu, Ming-shun Chen, L. Buschman, R. Higgins, Jianxiu Yao, Andre Crespo, B. Siegfried, S. Muthukrishnan, K. Zhu (2009)
Expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis): Exploring candidate genes potentially involved in Bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and resistanceBMC Genomics, 10
G. Yeo, K. Siddle (2003)
Attractin' more attention - new pieces in the obesity puzzle?The Biochemical journal, 376 Pt 3
Zhong Wang, M. Gerstein, M. Snyder (2009)
RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomicsNature Reviews Genetics, 10
C. Rausell, C. Ochoa-Campuzano, A. Martínez-Ramírez, A. Bravo, M. Real (2007)
A membrane associated metalloprotease cleaves Cry3Aa Bacillus thuringiensis toxin reducing pore formation in Colorado potato beetle brush border membrane vesicles.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1768 9
S. Baxter, F. Badenes-Pérez, A. Morrison, H. Vogel, N. Crickmore, W. Kain, Ping Wang, D. Heckel, C. Jiggins (2011)
Parallel Evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Resistance in LepidopteraGenetics, 189
C. Forcada, E. Alcácer, M. Garcerá, Rafael Martínez (1996)
DIFFERENCES IN THE MIDGUT PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF TWO HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS STRAINS, ONE SUSCEPTIBLE AND ONE RESISTANT TO BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS TOXINSArchives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 31
I. Gómez, Liliana Pardo-López, C. Muñoz-Garay, Luisa Fernandez, Claudia Pérez, Jorge Sánchez, M. Soberón, A. Bravo (2007)
Role of receptor interaction in the mode of action of insecticidal Cry and Cyt toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensisPeptides, 28
J. Rie, W. Mcgaughey, D. Johnson, B. Barnett, H. Mellaert (1990)
Mechanism of insect resistance to the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis.Science, 247 4938
D. Heckel (1994)
The Complex Genetic Basis of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin in InsectsBiocontrol Science and Technology, 4
Z. Dun, P. Mitchell, M. Agosti (2009)
Estimating Diabrotica virgifera virgifera damage functions with field trial data: applying an unbalanced nested error component modelJournal of Applied Entomology, 134
J. Goudet (2005)
HIERFSTAT , a package for R to compute and test hierarchical F -statisticsMolecular Ecology Notes, 5
A. Haqq, P. René, Toshiro Kishi, K. Khong, Charlotte Lee, Hongyan Liu, J. Friedman, J. Elmquist, R. Cone (2003)
Characterization of a novel binding partner of the melanocortin-4 receptor: attractin-like protein.The Biochemical journal, 376 Pt 3
(2012)
Single amino acid mutation in an ATP - binding cassette transporter gene causes resistance to Bt toxin Cry 1 Ab in the silkworm , Bombyx mori
A. Bravo, S. Gill, M. Soberón (2007)
Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins and their potential for insect control.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 49 4
T. Branson (1976)
THE SELECTION OF A NON‐DIAPAUSE STRAIN OF DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 19
S. Gabriel, L. Ziaugra, D. Tabbaa (2009)
SNP Genotyping Using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX PlatformCurrent Protocols in Human Genetics, 60
G. Verleden, C. Dooms, M. Noppen, M. Decramer (1992)
ForewordSteroids, 57
S. Gill, E. Cowles, P. Pietrantonio (1992)
The mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins.Annual review of entomology, 37
B. Oppert, K. Kramer, R. Beeman, DONOVAN Johnson, W. Mcgaughey (1997)
Proteinase-mediated Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272
The western corn rootworm (WCR) Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte is a major pest of corn that has evolved resistance to transgenic maize that produces insecticidal Cry toxins. The specific mode of action of Cry3Bb1 and mechanism of resistance in WCR are unknown. This study compared gene expression between Cry3Bb1‐susceptible and Cry3Bb1‐resistant WCR neonates, in the presence and absence of Cry3Bb1. RNA‐Seq data were analysed to identify differentially expressed transcripts between strains of WCR, providing candidate transcripts for resistance to Cry3Bb1. Constitutive and Cry3Bb1‐induced differences between strains caused the differential expression of 608 transcripts after 8 hr. Differentially expressed transcripts between strains included ABC transporters, proteases and α‐amylases, which known to be receptors or activators of Cry toxins and involved in resistance to Cry toxins in other insects. The response to Cry3Bb1 treatment resulted in approximately 5,000 differentially expressed transcripts in the susceptible strain and included the same annotation categories found between strains but also included metalloproteases, cadherins and signalling proteins. None of these annotations were identified in the response of the resistant strain to Cry3Bb1, which was represented by only 12 transcripts. Tissue‐specific expression analysis of selected transcripts revealed that an α‐amylase and a protease were expressed in the midgut, the target organ of Cry toxins. A protease inhibitor and two ABC transporters were expressed outside the midgut, suggesting a limited role in resistance. Numerous polymorphic sites were identified from the RNA‐Seq data that showed allele frequency differences between the resistant and susceptible strains. Analysis of these polymorphisms in a larger set WCR strains suggested that the differences were due to genetic drift rather than being associated with resistance to Cry3Bb1. Polymorphisms identified in genes with known roles in resistance to Cry toxins did not appear to differ in frequency between resistant and susceptible strains.
Journal of Applied Entomology – Wiley
Published: Dec 1, 2018
Keywords: ; ;
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.