Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
J. Young, J. Steuber, A. Few, A. Baca, Z. Strong (2018)
When strange bedfellows go all in: a template for implementing non‐lethal strategies aimed at reducing carnivore predation of livestockAnimal Conservation, 22
(2015)
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service report
S. Lima, L. Dill (1990)
Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectusCanadian Journal of Zoology, 68
W. Ripple, J. Estes, R. Beschta, C. Wilmers, E. Ritchie, M. Hebblewhite, J. Berger, B. Elmhagen, Mike Letnic, M. Nelson, O. Schmitz, Douglas Smith, Arian Wallach, Aaron Wirsing (2014)
Status and Ecological Effects of the World’s Largest CarnivoresScience, 343
Y. Iliopoulos, C. Astaras, Yorgos Lazarou, M. Petridou, S. Kazantzidis, M. Waltert (2019)
Tools for co-existence: fladry corrals efficiently repel wild wolves (Canis lupus) from experimental baiting sitesWildlife Research, 46
K. Krueger (1986)
Feeding Relationships Among Bison, Pronghorn, and Prairie Dogs: An Experimental AnalysisEcology, 67
D. Biggins, J. Godbey, T. Livieri, M. Matchett, B. Bibles (2006)
Postrelease movements and survival of adult and young black-footed ferrets
P.D. Meek, G.‐A. Ballard, P.J.S. Fleming (2015)
The pitfalls of wildlife camera trapping as a survey tool in Australia, 37
A. Frid, L. Dill (2002)
Human‐caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk, 6
James Hody, R. Kays (2018)
Mapping the expansion of coyotes (Canis latrans) across North and Central AmericaZooKeys
D. Biggins, B. Miller, Louis Hanebury, B. Oakleaf, A. Farmer, Ron Crete, Arnold Dood (1993)
A technique for evaluating black-footed ferret habitat
Jacob Ivan, Eric Newkirk (2016)
Cpw Photo Warehouse: a custom database to facilitate archiving, identifying, summarizing and managing photo data collected from camera trapsMethods in Ecology and Evolution, 7
Lily Eeden, Ann Eklund, Jennifer Miller, J. López‐Bao, G. Chapron, Mikael Cejtin, M. Crowther, C. Dickman, Jens Frank, M. Krofel, D. Macdonald, J. McManus, Tara Meyer, A. Middleton, T. Newsome, W. Ripple, E. Ritchie, O. Schmitz, Kelly Stoner, M. Tourani, A. Treves (2018)
Carnivore conservation needs evidence-based livestock protectionPLoS Biology, 16
W. Andelt, P. Gipson (1979)
Home Range, Activity, and Daily Movements of CoyotesJournal of Wildlife Management, 43
L. Prugh, C. Stoner, C. Epps, W. Bean, W. Ripple, A. Laliberte, J. Brashares (2009)
The Rise of the Mesopredator, 59
(1997)
Livetrapping wolves with nets
A. Kitchen, E. Gese, Edward Schauster (2000)
Changes in coyote activity patterns due to reduced exposure to human persecutionCanadian Journal of Zoology, 78
Greg Schroeder (2007)
Effect of Coyotes and Release Site Selection on Survival and Movement of Translocated Swift Foxes in the Badlands Ecosystem of South Dakota
A. Sih, A. Bell, J.Chadwick Johnson (2004)
Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview.Trends in ecology & evolution, 19 7
(2015)
Sheep and lamb predator and nonpredator death loss in the United States, 2015
R. Sollmann, Azlan Mohamed, H. Samejima, A. Wilting (2013)
Risky business or simple solution – Relative abundance indices from camera-trappingBiological Conservation, 159
D.E. Biggins, B.J. Miller, L.R. Hanebury, B. Oakleaf, A.H. Farmer, R. Crete, A. Dood (1993)
Manag. prairie dog complexes reintroduction black‐footed ferret, 13
A. Trouwborst, M. Krofel, J. Linnell (2015)
Legal implications of range expansions in a terrestrial carnivore: the case of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) in EuropeBiodiversity and Conservation, 24
D. Biggins, J. Lockhart, J. Godbey (2006)
Evaluating habitat for black-footed ferrets: Revision of an existing model
M. Drouilly, M. O’Riain (2019)
Wildlife winners and losers of extensive small-livestock farming: a case study in the South African KarooBiodiversity and Conservation, 28
C. Dormann, J. Elith, S. Bacher, C. Buchmann, G. Carl, Gabriel Carré, J. Márquez, B. Gruber, Bruno Lafourcade, P. Leitão, T. Münkemüller, C. McClean, P. Osborne, B. Reineking, B. Schröder, A. Skidmore, D. Zurell, S. Lautenbach (2013)
Collinearity: a review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performanceEcography, 36
J. Royle, J. Nichols, M. Kéry (2005)
Modelling occurrence and abundance of species when detection is imperfectOikos, 110
J. Shivik (2006)
Tools for the Edge: What's New for Conserving Carnivores, 56
P.H. Butchko (1990)
Proc. 14th Vertebr. Pest Conf.
Graham Smith, R. Mcdonald, D. Wilkinson (2012)
Comparing Badger (Meles meles) Management Strategies for Reducing Tuberculosis Incidence in CattlePLoS ONE, 7
K. Burnham, David Anderson (2003)
Model selection and multimodel inference : a practical information-theoretic approachJournal of Wildlife Management, 67
D. MacKenzie (2005)
Occupancy Estimation and Modeling: Inferring Patterns and Dynamics of Species Occurrence
M. Matchett, S. Breck, John Callon (2013)
Efficacy of electronet fencing for excluding coyotes: A case study for enhancing production of black‐footed ferretsWildlife Society Bulletin, 37
Alison Greggor, O. Berger‐Tal, D. Blumstein (2020)
The Rules of Attraction: The Necessary Role of Animal Cognition in Explaining Conservation Failures and SuccessesAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 51
Roshan James, Amr Sabry (2012)
Information effects
P. Lendrum, K. Crooks, G. Wittemyer (2017)
Changes in circadian activity patterns of a wildlife community post high-intensity energy developmentJournal of Mammalogy, 98
T. Livieri, E. Anderson (2012)
Black-Footed Ferret Home Ranges in Conata Basin, South Dakota, 72
D.E. Biggins (2000)
Predation on black‐footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and Siberian polecats (M. eversmannii): conservation and evolutionary implications
(2000)
Predation on black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and Siberian polecats (M. eversmannii): conservation and evolutionary implications (Doctoral dissertation)
S.W. Breck, D.E. Biggins, T.M. Livieri, M.R. Matchett, V. Kopcso (2006)
Recover. black‐footed ferret Prog. Contin. challenges. Proc. Symp. status Black‐footed Ferret its habitat
G. Ceballos, J. Pacheco, R. List (1999)
Influence of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) on habitat heterogeneity and mammalian diversity in MexicoJournal of Arid Environments, 41
Jesse Lewis, K. Logan, M. Alldredge, L. Bailey, S. Vandewoude, K. Crooks (2015)
The effects of urbanization on population density, occupancy, and detection probability of wild felids.Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America, 25 7
D. Réale, S. Reader, D. Sol, P. McDougall, N. Dingemanse (2007)
Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolutionBiological Reviews, 82
Janosch Arnold, Anna Humer, M. Heltai, D. Murariu, N. Spassov, K. Hackländer (2012)
Current status and distribution of golden jackals Canis aureus in EuropeMammal Review, 42
N. Nattrass, M. Drouilly, M.J O’riain (2020)
Learning from science and history about black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) and their conflict with sheep farmers in South Africa, 50
S. Breck, Sharon Poessel, P. Mahoney, J. Young (2019)
The intrepid urban coyote: a comparison of bold and exploratory behavior in coyotes from urban and rural environmentsScientific Reports, 9
T. Shaffer, Douglas Johnson (2008)
Ways of Learning: Observational Studies Versus Experiments, 72
Rebecca Much, S. Breck, Nathan Lance, P. Callahan (2018)
An ounce of prevention: Quantifying the effects of non-lethal tools on wolf behaviorApplied Animal Behaviour Science
M. Musiani, C. Mamo, L. Boitani, C. Callaghan, C. Gates, L. Mattei, E. Visalberghi, S. Breck, Giulia Volpi (2003)
Wolf Depredation Trends and the Use of Fladry Barriers to Protect Livestock in Western North AmericaConservation Biology, 17
Sarah Davidson-Nelson, T. Gehring (2010)
Testing Fladry as a Nonlethal Management Tool for Wolves and Coyotes in MichiganHuman–Wildlife Interactions, 4
(2019)
Understanding and mitigating coyote predation on black-footed ferrets
B. Allen, Erin Carmelito, M. Amos, M. Goullet, L. Allen, James Speed, M. Gentle, L. Leung (2016)
Diet of dingoes and other wild dogs in peri-urban areas of north-eastern AustraliaScientific Reports, 6
T. Gehring, Jason Hawley, S. Davidson, Shawn Rossler, Anna Cellar, Ronald Schultz, Adrian Wydeven, K. Vercauteren (2006)
Are Viable Non-Lethal Management Tools Available for Reducing Wolf-Human Conflict? Preliminary Results from Field Experiments, 22
Nathan Lance, S. Breck, C. Sime, P. Callahan, J. Shivik (2010)
Biological, technical, and social aspects of applying electrified fladry for livestock protection from wolves (Canis lupus).Wildlife Research, 37
Shawn Leroux (2018)
On the prevalence of uninformative parameters in statistical models applying model selection in applied ecologyPLoS ONE, 14
S. Nozaradan, I. Peretz, P. Keller (2016)
Individual Differences in Rhythmic Cortical Entrainment Correlate with Predictive Behavior in Sensorimotor SynchronizationScientific Reports, 6
N. Nattrass, M. Drouilly, M. O’Riain (2019)
Learning from science and history about black‐backed jackals Canis mesomelas and their conflict with sheep farmers in South AfricaMammal Review, 50
(2015)
Cattle and calves death loss in the United States due to predator and nonpredator causes, 2015
S. Breck, D. Biggins, T. Livieri, M. Matchett, Valerie Kopcso (2006)
Does predator management enhance survival of reintroduced black-footed ferrets?
G. White, K. Burnham (1999)
Program MARK: survival estimation from populations of marked animalsBird Study, 46
L. Prugh (2011)
Urban Carnivores: Ecology, Conflict, and Conservation, 61
A. Hody, R. Moreno, Ninon Meyer, K. Pacifici, R. Kays (2019)
Canid collision—expanding populations of coyotes (Canis latrans) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) meet up in PanamaJournal of Mammalogy, 100
C. Homolka (1965)
The Black-Footed FerretOryx, 8
T. Gehring, J. Hawley, S. Davidson, S. Rossler, A. Cellar, R. Schultz, A. Wydeven, K.C. VerCauteren (2006)
Proc. Vertebr. Pest Conf.
T. Arnold (2010)
Uninformative Parameters and Model Selection Using Akaike's Information Criterion, 74
Peter Butchko (1990)
PREDATOR CONTROL FOR THE PROTECTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES IN CALIFORNIA, 14
P. Meek, G. Ballard, K. Vernes, P. Fleming (2015)
The history of wildlife camera trapping as a survey tool in AustraliaAustralian Mammalogy, 37
A. Mettler, J. Shivik (2007)
Dominance and neophobia in coyote ( Canis latrans ) breeding pairsApplied Animal Behaviour Science, 102
J. Young, John Draper, S. Breck (2019)
Mind the gap: Experimental tests to improve efficacy of fladry for nonlethal management of coyotesWildlife Society Bulletin
J. Goodrich, S. Buskirk (1995)
Control of Abundant Native Vertebrates for Conservation of Endangered SpeciesConservation Biology, 9
B. Blackwell, T. Devault, E. Fernández‐Juricic, E. Gese, Lynne Gilbert-Norton, S. Breck (2016)
No single solution: application of behavioural principles in mitigating human–wildlife conflictAnimal Behaviour, 120
J. Royle, J. Nichols (2003)
ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE FROM REPEATED PRESENCE–ABSENCE DATA OR POINT COUNTSEcology, 84
A. Frid, L. Dill (2002)
Synthesis Human-caused Disturbance Stimuli as a Form of Predation Risk
Arnold T.W. (2010)
1175J. Wildl. Manage., 74
J. Young, M. Mahe, S. Breck (2015)
Evaluating behavioral syndromes in coyotes (Canis latrans)Journal of Ethology, 33
Carnivore conservation and management are global research priorities focused on reversing population declines of imperiled species and identifying more effective and humane management of generalist carnivores with thriving populations. Nonlethal methods to mitigate conflict are increasingly used to advance conservation objectives; however, there is limited knowledge about the effectiveness of many nonlethal methods. We tested a nonlethal tool (fladry), that serves as a barrier to deter wolves Canis lupus and coyotes Canis latrans, for its efficacy at preventing coyotes from using prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus colonies, the primary prey for critically endangered black‐footed ferrets Mustela nigripes. We used camera trap data and an occupancy approach to evaluate the tool’s efficacy. We measured coyote response to fladry at both a coarse monthly scale (via use, attraction and avoidance probabilities) and a fine scale (via daily activity). Overall, use of areas inside exclosures declined by 60% after 60 days of fladry application and coyotes avoided some previously used areas both within and outside exclosures. Interestingly, coyotes were attracted to previously unused areas surrounding exclosures and increased activity around the periphery of fladry exclosures by 170% immediately after fladry installation, suggesting coyotes actively explored these areas and may have responded to fladry in a way that is counterintuitive to management expectations. Occupancy models provided more robust evaluation of fladry and revealed important behavioral responses relative to other common evaluation techniques (i.e. time until first detected crossing). Our results have implications for future development and evaluation of nonlethal tools for carnivore conservation and management globally.
Animal Conservation – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 2022
Keywords: Canis latrans; carnivores; coexistence; human–wildlife conflict; camera traps; fladry; endangered species; nonlethal carnivore management
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.