Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
K. Sayal, Jon Heron, Barbara Maughan, Richard Rowe, Paul Ramchandani (2014)
Infant temperament and childhood psychiatric disorder: longitudinal study.Child: care, health and development, 40 2
C. Sandman, L. Glynn, E. Davis (2013)
Is there a viability-vulnerability tradeoff? Sex differences in fetal programming.Journal of psychosomatic research, 75 4
David Bridgett, Nicole Burt, Erin Edwards, K. Deater-Deckard (2015)
Intergenerational transmission of self-regulation: A multidisciplinary review and integrative conceptual framework.Psychological bulletin, 141 3
M. Fujita, E. Roth, Yun-Jia Lo, Carolyn Hurst, Jennifer Vollner, A. Kendell (2012)
In poor families, mothers' milk is richer for daughters than sons: a test of Trivers-Willard hypothesis in agropastoral settlements in Northern Kenya.American journal of physical anthropology, 149 1
Katherine Grey, E. Davis, C. Sandman, L. Glynn (2013)
Human milk cortisol is associated with infant temperamentPsychoneuroendocrinology, 38
L. Glynn, E. Davis, C. Schetter, A. Chicz–DeMet, C. Hobel, C. Sandman (2007)
Postnatal maternal cortisol levels predict temperament in healthy breastfed infants.Early human development, 83 10
J. Giedd, A. Raznahan, A. Alexander-Bloch, E. Schmitt, N. Gogtay, J. Rapoport (2015)
Child Psychiatry Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health Longitudinal Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Human Brain DevelopmentNeuropsychopharmacology, 40
P. Casolini, G. Cigliana, Giovanni Alemà, V. Ruggieri, Luciano Angelucci, A. Catalani (1997)
Effect of increased maternal corticosterone during lactation on hippocampal corticosteroid receptors, stress response and learning in offspring in the early stages of lifeNeuroscience, 79
C. Sandman, E. Davis, C. Buss, L. Glynn (2011)
Exposure to Prenatal Psychobiological Stress Exerts Programming Influences on the Mother and Her FetusNeuroendocrinology, 95
S. Putnam, Amy Helbig, M. Gartstein, M. Rothbart, E. Leerkes (2014)
Development and Assessment of Short and Very Short Forms of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire–RevisedJournal of Personality Assessment, 96
S. Donovan, J. Odle (1994)
Growth factors in milk as mediators of infant development.Annual review of nutrition, 14
A. Catalani, P. Casolini, S. Scaccianoce, F. Patacchioli, P. Spinozzi, L. Angelucci (2000)
Maternal corticosterone during lactation permanently affects brain corticosteroid receptors, stress response and behaviour in rat progenyNeuroscience, 100
F. Bartol, A. Wiley, C. Bagnell (2008)
Epigenetic programming of porcine endometrial function and the lactocrine hypothesis.Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 43 Suppl 2
S. Hart, L. Boylan, B. Border, Sebrina Carroll, D. McGunegle, R. Lampe (2004)
Breast milk levels of cortisol and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) differ with maternal mood and infant neuro-behavioral functioningInfant Behavior & Development, 27
V. Glover (2020)
“Annual Research Review: Prenatal Stress and the Origins of Psychopathology: An Evolutionary Perspective” (2011), by Vivette Glover
Dettmer (2017)
Cortisol in neonatal mother's milk predicts later infant social and cognitive functioning in rhesus monkeysChild Development
J. Hahn-Holbrook, Tran Le, Anna Chung, E. Davis, L. Glynn (2016)
Cortisol in human milk predicts child BMIObesity, 24
A. Graham, C. Buss, J. Rasmussen, Marc Rudolph, D. Demeter, J. Gilmore, M. Styner, S. Entringer, P. Wadhwa, D. Fair (2015)
Implications of newborn amygdala connectivity for fear and cognitive development at 6-months-of-ageDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 18
M. Gartstein, David Bridgett, M. Rothbart, Christopher Robertson, Erin Iddins, Kristin Ramsay, S. Schlect (2010)
A latent growth examination of fear development in infancy: contributions of maternal depression and the risk for toddler anxiety.Developmental psychology, 46 3
K. Bergman, V. Glover, P. Sarkar, D. Abbott, T. O’Connor (2010)
In utero cortisol and testosterone exposure and fear reactivity in infancyHormones and Behavior, 57
N. Daskalakis, N. Daskalakis, Rosemary Bagot, Rosemary Bagot, K. Parker, C. Vinkers, E. Kloet (2013)
The three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience: Toward understanding adaptation to early-life adversity outcomePsychoneuroendocrinology, 38
Erin Sullivan, K. Hinde, S. Mendoza, J. Capitanio (2011)
Cortisol concentrations in the milk of rhesus monkey mothers are associated with confident temperament in sons, but not daughters.Developmental psychobiology, 53 1
V. Glover, J. Hill (2012)
Sex differences in the programming effects of prenatal stress on psychopathology and stress responses: An evolutionary perspectivePhysiology & Behavior, 106
A. Catalani, P. Casolini, Giovanni Cigliana, S. Scaccianoce, Claudia Consoli, C. Cinque, A. Zuena, Luciano Angelucci (2002)
Maternal corticosterone influences behavior, stress response and corticosteroid receptors in the female ratPharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 73
Vasilis Moisiadis, S. Matthews (2014)
Glucocorticoids and fetal programming part 1: outcomesNature Reviews Endocrinology, 10
K. Hinde, A. Skibiel, A. Foster, Laura Rosso, S. Mendoza, J. Capitanio (2014)
Cortisol in mother’s milk across lactation reflects maternal life history and predicts infant temperamentBehavioral Ecology, 26
E. Baker, Eugenia Baibazarova, Georgia Ktistaki, Katherine Shelton, S. Goozen (2012)
Development of fear and guilt in young children: Stability over time and relations with psychopathologyDevelopment and Psychopathology, 24
Derogatis (1973)
13Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 9
Glover (2011)
356Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52
J. DiPietro, M. Novak, K. Costigan, Lara Atella, S. Reusing (2006)
Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy in relation to child development at age two.Child development, 77 3
F. Patacchioli, G. Cigliana, A. Cilumbriello, G. Perrone, O. Capri, G. Alemà, L. Zichella, L. Angelucci (1992)
Maternal plasma and milk free cortisol during the first 3 days of breast-feeding following spontaneous delivery or elective cesarean section.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 34 3
D. Gee, L. Gabard-Durnam, Jessica Flannery, Bonnie Goff, K. Humphreys, Eva Telzer, T. Hare, S. Bookheimer, N. Tottenham (2013)
Early developmental emergence of human amygdala–prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110
C. Powe, C. Knott, N. Conklin-Brittain (2010)
Infant sex predicts breast milk energy contentAmerican Journal of Human Biology, 22
J. Cox, J. Holden, R. Sagovsky (1987)
Detection of Postnatal DepressionBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 150
E. Braithwaite, A. Pickles, H. Sharp, V. Glover, K. O’Donnell, Florin Tibu, J. Hill (2017)
Maternal prenatal cortisol predicts infant negative emotionality in a sex-dependent mannerPhysiology & Behavior, 175
B. Melnik, Foteini Kakulas, D. Geddes, P. Hartmann, S. John, Pedro Carrera-Bastos, L. Cordain, G. Schmitz (2016)
Milk miRNAs: simple nutrients or systemic functional regulators?Nutrition & Metabolism, 13
L. Ellman, C. Schetter, C. Hobel, A. Chicz–DeMet, L. Glynn, C. Sandman (2008)
Timing of fetal exposure to stress hormones: effects on newborn physical and neuromuscular maturation.Developmental psychobiology, 50 3
V. Glover (2011)
Annual research review: Prenatal stress and the origins of psychopathology: An evolutionary perspective, 52
K. Buss, Meghan McDoniel (2016)
Improving the Prediction of Risk for Anxiety Development in Temperamentally Fearful ChildrenCurrent Directions in Psychological Science, 25
K. Buss (2011)
Which fearful toddlers should we worry about? Context, fear regulation, and anxiety risk.Developmental psychology, 47 3
Catherine Quarini, R. Pearson, A. Stein, P. Ramchandani, G. Lewis, J. Evans (2016)
Are female children more vulnerable to the long-term effects of maternal depression during pregnancy?Journal of Affective Disorders, 189
H.H. Goldsmith, M.K. Rothbart (1999)
The Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery Prelocomotor
S. Pundir, C. Wall, C. Mitchell, E. Thorstensen, C. Lai, D. Geddes, D. Cameron-Smith (2017)
Variation of Human Milk Glucocorticoids over 24 hour PeriodJournal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia, 22
M. Dawood, F. Khan-Dawood, R. Wahi, F. Fuchs (1981)
Oxytocin release and plasma anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones in women during lactation.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 52 4
B. Voorn, M. Waard, J. Goudoever, J. Rotteveel, A. Heijboer, M. Finken (2016)
Breast-Milk Cortisol and Cortisone Concentrations Follow the Diurnal Rhythm of Maternal Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity.The Journal of nutrition, 146 11
J.L. Cox, J.M. Holden, R. Sagovsky (1987)
Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10‐item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 150
K. Hinde (2009)
Richer milk for sons but more milk for daughters: Sex‐biased investment during lactation varies with maternal life history in rhesus macaquesAmerican Journal of Human Biology, 21
L. Derogatis, R. Lipman, L. Covi (1973)
SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report.Psychopharmacology bulletin, 9 1
K. Hinde, J. Capitanio (2010)
Lactational programming? mother's milk energy predicts infant behavior and temperament in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)American Journal of Primatology, 72
C. Buss, E. Davis, B. Shahbaba, J. Pruessner, K. Head, C. Sandman (2012)
Maternal cortisol over the course of pregnancy and subsequent child amygdala and hippocampus volumes and affective problemsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109
S. Pauw, I. Mervielde (2010)
Temperament, Personality and Developmental Psychopathology: A Review Based on the Conceptual Dimensions Underlying Childhood TraitsChild Psychiatry & Human Development, 41
B. McEwen, J. Morrison (2013)
The Brain on Stress: Vulnerability and Plasticity of the Prefrontal Cortex over the Life CourseNeuron, 79
C. Weerth, Yvonne Hees, J. Buitelaar (2003)
Prenatal maternal cortisol levels and infant behavior during the first 5 months.Early human development, 74 2
Little consideration has been given to the possibility of human infant development being shaped via lactocrine programming, and by breast milk cortisol levels specifically. Despite animal models indicating that glucocorticoid (GC) exposure via lactation might modify brain development and behavior, only one study has reported that milk cortisol levels were positively associated with infant negative affectivity, especially fearfulness and sadness—early emerging risk factors for internalizing difficulties such as anxiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether human milk cortisol is associated with mother‐reported fearfulness and experimentally induced infant fear reactivity. Mother‐infant dyads (n = 65) enrolled in the FinnBrain Cohort Study participated. Breast milk samples were obtained 2.5 months postpartum, and milk cortisol concentrations were ascertained using validated luminescence immunoassay methodology. Infant fear reactivity was assessed using maternal reports 6 months postpartum and in a laboratory 8 months postpartum. There was a significant interaction between infant sex and milk cortisol such that higher milk cortisol was related to higher infant fear reactivity in a laboratory setting in girls (β = 0.36, p = .04) but not in boys (β = −0.15, p = .40). Milk cortisol was not associated with mother‐reported infant fearfulness. Results suggest that higher human milk cortisol concentrations are associated with elevated experimentally induced fear in infancy. Findings support lactocrine programming, and suggest that mothers may “communicate” vital information about stressful environments via cortisol contained in breast milk, shaping girls' early emotional reactivity.
Developmental Science – Wiley
Published: Jan 1, 2018
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.