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A. Svejgaard, L. Ryder (1981)
HLA genotype distribution and genetic models of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitusAnnals of Human Genetics, 45
B. Woolf (1955)
ON ESTIMATING THE RELATION BETWEEN BLOOD GROUP AND DISEASEAnnals of Human Genetics, 19
M. Curie-Cohen (2008)
HLA antigens and susceptibility to juvenile diabetes: do additive relative risks imply genetic heterogeneity?Tissue antigens, 17 2
W. Swan (1955)
“The Private Pestilence”British Medical Journal, 2
The Kimhall (1984)
A two‐susceptibility‐allele model for genetic diseases and associated marker loci: differences and similarities to a one‐s‐allele modelAnnals of Human Genetics, 48
Genetics of HLA disease associations. The use of the haplotype relative risk (HRR) and the "haplo-delta" (Dh) estimates in juvenile diabetes from three racial groups
C. Falk, N. Mendell, P. Rubinstein (1983)
Effect of population associations and reduced penetrance on observed and expected genotype frequencies in a simple genetic model: application to HLA and insulin dependent diabetes mellitusAnnals of Human Genetics, 47
M. Baur, M. Neugebauer, E. Albert (1984)
Reference Tables of Two-Locus Haplotype Frequencies for All MHC Marker Loci
Clarke Clarke (1961)
Blood Groups and DiseaseProgress in Medical Genetics, 1
Summary An alternative to Woolf's (1955) relative risk (RR) statistic is proposed for use in calculating the risk of disease in the presence of particular antigens or phenotypes. This alternative uses, as the control sample, the parental antigens or haplotypes not present in the affected child. The formulation of a haplotype relative risk (HRR) thus eliminates the problems of sampling from the same homogeneous population to form both the disease sample and an appropriate control. We show that, in families selected through a single affected individual, where transmission of the four parental haplotypes can be followed unambiguously, the mathematical expectation of the HRR is identical to that of the RR. Since the sample formed from the ‘non‐affected’ parental haplotypes is clearly from the same population as the disease sample, the HRR thus provides a reliable alternative to the RR. A further advantage obtains when family data are being collected as part of a study since the control sample is then automatically contained in the family material. Data from studies of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are used to obtain an estimate of the risk to those with HLA antigens or phenotypes associated with IDDM using the HRR statistic. A comparison of the HRR's and RR's for these data is also presented.
Annals of Human Genetics – Wiley
Published: Jul 1, 1987
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