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B. Velie, C. Wade, N. Hamilton (2013)
Profiling the careers of Thoroughbred horses racing in Australia between 2000 and 2010.Equine veterinary journal, 45 2
S. Wilsher, W. Allen, J. Wood (2010)
Factors associated with failure of thoroughbred horses to train and race.Equine veterinary journal, 38 2
(1990)
Two year old racing
N. Cogger, N. Perkins, D. Hodgson, S. Reid, D. Evans (2006)
Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses.Preventive veterinary medicine, 74 1
P. Hitchens, A. Morrice-West, M. Stevenson, R. Whitton (2019)
Meta-analysis of risk factors for racehorse catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in flat racing.Veterinary journal, 245
P. Thomson, A. Hayek, B. Jones, D. Evans, P. McGreevy (2014)
Number, causes and destinations of horses leaving the Australian Thoroughbred and Standardbred racing industries.Australian veterinary journal, 92 8
M. Flash, H. Crabb, P. Hitchens, S. Firestone, M. Stevenson, J. Gilkerson (2021)
Participation of Victorian Thoroughbreds in the racing industry: a whole-of-population benchmark.Australian veterinary journal
Simon More (1999)
A longitudinal study of racing thoroughbreds: performance during the first years of racing.Australian veterinary journal, 77 2
M. Flash, Michelle Renwick, J. Gilkerson, M. Stevenson (2020)
Descriptive analysis of Thoroughbred horses born in Victoria, Australia, in 2010; barriers to entering training and outcomes on exiting training and racingPLoS ONE, 15
L. Boden, G. Anderson, J. Charles, K. Morgan, J. Morton, T. Parkin, A. Clarke, R. Slocombe (2007)
Risk factors for Thoroughbred racehorse fatality in flat starts in Victoria, Australia (1989-2004).Equine veterinary journal, 39 5
L. Boden, G. Anderson, J. Charles, K. Morgan, J. Morton, T. Parkin, A. Clarke, Ronald Slocombe (2007)
Risk factors for Thoroughbred racehorse fatality in jump starts in Victoria, Australia (1989-2004).Equine veterinary journal, 39 5
N. Gunningham, R. Kagan, D. Thornton (2002)
Social License and Environmental Protection: Why Businesses Go Beyond ComplianceLaw & Social Inquiry, 29
What is the RSPCA's view on racing two-year-olds?
C. Heleski, C. Stowe, Julie Fiedler, Michael Peterson, Colleen Brady, C. Wickens, J. MacLeod (2020)
Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare through the Lens of ‘Social License to Operate—With an Emphasis on a U.S. PerspectiveSustainability
Commercial horse racing position statement
N. Perkins, S. Reid, RS Morris (2005)
Profiling the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. 2. Conditions interfering with training and racingNew Zealand Veterinary Journal, 53
J. Tanner, C. Rogers, E. Firth (2013)
The association of 2-year-old training milestones with career length and racing success in a sample of Thoroughbred horses in New Zealand.Equine veterinary journal, 45 1
(1995)
Wastage in Thoroughbreds
Brandon Velie, Peter Knight, Peter Thomson, Claire Wade, N. Hamilton (2013)
The association of age at first start with career length in the Australian Thoroughbred racehorse population.Equine veterinary journal, 45 4
M. Flash, A. Wong, M. Stevenson, J. Gilkerson (2020)
Barriers to entering race training before 4 years of age for Thoroughbred horses born in the 2014 Australian foal cropPLoS ONE, 15
K. Verheyen, W. Henley, J. Price, J. Wood (2010)
Training-related factors associated with dorsometacarpal disease in young Thoroughbred racehorses in the UK.Equine veterinary journal, 37 5
Horse racing doesn't have a 'horse retirement' problem -it has an overbreeding problem
(2017)
Racing Australia Size and Scope Study
C. Bailey, S. Reid, D. Hodgson, R. Rose (1999)
Factors associated with time until first race and career duration for Thoroughbred racehorses.American journal of veterinary research, 60 10
(2018)
Size and Scope of the Victorian Thoroughbred Racing Industry
The number of horses leaving the Australian Thoroughbred (TB) racing industry each year is of concern to animal welfare advocates, public and regulators. A horse's previous athletic performance is a significant driver of retirement from racing. Racehorse performance can be measured in terms of the total number of starts, duration of racing and prize money earned. This study investigated Australian racing records for the 2005 and 2010 Victorian TB foal crops to identify factors associated with total number of starts, racing career duration, prize money earned and age of last race start‐up to the 10‐year‐old racing season. Racing Australia registered 4,577 TB horses born in Victoria in 2005 (n = 2,506) and 2010 (n = 2,071) that raced in Australia. Horses that started racing at 2‐years of age had fewer race starts in their first racing season but an increased total number of starts, prize money and duration of racing. The median age of last start (LS) was five (Q1 4; Q3 7) years. Horses that had won a race, had a maximum handicap rating of 61 or above and those racing over distances of more than 2,400 m had an increased racing career duration and an age of last race start greater than 6‐years of age. Horses participating in jumps races (n = 63) had the longest careers and older age of LS. These horses were more likely to have had a handicap rating over 80 and were just as likely to start their racing careers as 2‐years‐olds.
Australian Veterinary Journal – Wiley
Published: Jan 1, 2022
Keywords: 2‐year‐old; horse racing; performance; racing; Thoroughbred
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