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Eugenics and Modern Biology: Critiques of Eugenics, 1910–1945

Eugenics and Modern Biology: Critiques of Eugenics, 1910–1945 Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A‐B‐O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as “feeblemindedness,” alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement—its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950—it is important to recognise that its naïve assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticised at the time by scientists and nonscientists alike. This paper will present a brief overview of the critiques launched against eugenicists’ claims, particularly criticisms of the American school led by Charles B. Davenport. Davenport's approach to eugenics will be contrasted to his British counterpart, Karl Pearson, founder and first editor of the Annals of Eugenics. It was not the case that nearly everyone in the early 20th century accepted eugenic conclusions as the latest, cutting‐edge science. There are lessons from this historical approach for dealing with similar naïve claims about genetics today. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annals of Human Genetics Wiley

Eugenics and Modern Biology: Critiques of Eugenics, 1910–1945

Annals of Human Genetics , Volume 75 (3) – Jan 1, 2011

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References (79)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 Wiley Subscription Services
ISSN
0003-4800
eISSN
1469-1809
DOI
10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00649.x
pmid
21488848
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A‐B‐O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as “feeblemindedness,” alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement—its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950—it is important to recognise that its naïve assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticised at the time by scientists and nonscientists alike. This paper will present a brief overview of the critiques launched against eugenicists’ claims, particularly criticisms of the American school led by Charles B. Davenport. Davenport's approach to eugenics will be contrasted to his British counterpart, Karl Pearson, founder and first editor of the Annals of Eugenics. It was not the case that nearly everyone in the early 20th century accepted eugenic conclusions as the latest, cutting‐edge science. There are lessons from this historical approach for dealing with similar naïve claims about genetics today.

Journal

Annals of Human GeneticsWiley

Published: Jan 1, 2011

Keywords: ; ;

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