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(2002)
Received: 19 February
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In adults, three phenomena are taken to demonstrate an experience effect on face recognition: an inversion effect, a non‐native face effect (so‐called ‘other‐race’ effect) and their interaction. It is crucial for our understanding of the developmental perception mechanisms of object processing to discover when these effects are present in childhood. Three‐ to 5‐year‐old Caucasian children (N = 64) were asked to recognize upright and inverted Caucasian and Asian faces. Recognition was tested with a forced‐choice procedure. Overall performance improved with age. However, there was an interaction between the inversion and non‐native effects that did not change with age between ages 3 and 5: (a) the inversion effect with native (Caucasian) faces was larger than with non‐native (Asian) faces, and (b) upright native faces were recognized better than upright non‐native faces. These results show that face orientation and morphology constrain face processing in 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds. The first 3 years of life during which the brain and the environment interact are sufficient to build a face‐processing system that constrains recognition.
Developmental Science – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 2004
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