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Disparities in use of disciplinary solitary confinement by mental health diagnosis, race, sexual orientation and sex: Results from a national survey in the United States of America

Disparities in use of disciplinary solitary confinement by mental health diagnosis, race, sexual... INTRODUCTIONIn the USA, solitary confinement in prisons has been legally permissible for nearly 200 years, despite its link to serious health consequences (Cloud et al., 2015). Solitary confinement (sometimes called restrictive housing) is generally defined as the experience of being locked alone in a prison cell for at least 22 h a day (Resnik et al., 2016) and is typically, although not exclusively, used for disciplinary purposes. Related health problems include increased rates of skin irritations, weight fluctuations and chronic musculoskeletal pain (Strong et al., 2020), along with mental health problems including depression, anxiety (Miller & Young, 1997) and self‐harm (Reiter et al., 2020).The effect of solitary confinement on mental health is likely to be further compounded by the disproportionately higher rate at which people with mental disorders are placed in solitary confinement (Ahalt et al., 2017; Labrecque & Smith, 2019). Research has linked certain mental disorders to specific types of rule violations (Felson et al., 2012; Stoliker, 2016), which are likely to lead to placement in solitary confinement as a disciplinary action. There is also evidence that mental disorders mediate the role of adverse childhood experiences a driver towards breaking major prison rules (Henry, 2020). Less research has connected these factors to placement in solitary confinement as a disciplinary action for breaking rules.A recent study, however, http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Wiley

Disparities in use of disciplinary solitary confinement by mental health diagnosis, race, sexual orientation and sex: Results from a national survey in the United States of America

Henry, Brandy F.
Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health , Volume 32 (2) – Apr 1, 2022
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References (26)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
ISSN
0957-9664
eISSN
1471-2857
DOI
10.1002/cbm.2240
Publisher site
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Abstract

INTRODUCTIONIn the USA, solitary confinement in prisons has been legally permissible for nearly 200 years, despite its link to serious health consequences (Cloud et al., 2015). Solitary confinement (sometimes called restrictive housing) is generally defined as the experience of being locked alone in a prison cell for at least 22 h a day (Resnik et al., 2016) and is typically, although not exclusively, used for disciplinary purposes. Related health problems include increased rates of skin irritations, weight fluctuations and chronic musculoskeletal pain (Strong et al., 2020), along with mental health problems including depression, anxiety (Miller & Young, 1997) and self‐harm (Reiter et al., 2020).The effect of solitary confinement on mental health is likely to be further compounded by the disproportionately higher rate at which people with mental disorders are placed in solitary confinement (Ahalt et al., 2017; Labrecque & Smith, 2019). Research has linked certain mental disorders to specific types of rule violations (Felson et al., 2012; Stoliker, 2016), which are likely to lead to placement in solitary confinement as a disciplinary action. There is also evidence that mental disorders mediate the role of adverse childhood experiences a driver towards breaking major prison rules (Henry, 2020). Less research has connected these factors to placement in solitary confinement as a disciplinary action for breaking rules.A recent study, however,

Journal

Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health – Wiley

Published: Apr 1, 2022

Keywords: health equity; mental health; prison; rule violation; solitary confinement

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