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Theunis Cloete, J. Breytenbach, C. Kock, Peter Smith, J. Breytenbach, D. N'Da (2012)
Synthesis, antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of 10-aminoethylether derivatives of artemisinin.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 20 15
F. Grellepois, F. Chorki, B. Crousse, M. Ourévitch, D. Bonnet‐Delpon, J. Bégué (2002)
Anhydrodihydroartemisinin and its 10-trifluoromethyl analogue: access to novel d-ring-contracted artemisinin trifluoromethyl ketones.The Journal of organic chemistry, 67 4
Matthias Boehm, P. Fuenfschilling, M. Krieger, E. Kuesters, Fritz Struber (2007)
An improved manufacturing process for the antimalaria drug coartem. Part IIOrganic Process Research & Development, 11
C. Hufford, S. Khalifa, A. McPhail, F. El-Feraly, M. Ahmad (1993)
Preparation and Characterization of New C-11 Oxygenated Artemisinin DerivativesJournal of Natural Products, 56
Xiangming Zhu, R. Schmidt (2009)
New principles for glycoside-bond formation.Angewandte Chemie, 48 11
R. Schmidt (1986)
Neue Methoden zur Glycosid‐ und Oligosaccharidsynthese – gibt es Alternativen zur Koenigs‐Knorr‐Methode?Angewandte Chemie, 98
A. Lin, L. Li, D. Klayman, C. George, J. Flippen-Anderson (1990)
Antimalarial activity of new water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 3. Aromatic amine analogues.Journal of medicinal chemistry, 33 9
Xuan Luo, H. Yeh, A. Brossi, J. Flippen-Anderson, R. Gillardi (1984)
The chemistry of drugs part IV, Configurations of antimalarials derived from qinghaosu: Dihydroqingyhaosu, artemether, and artesunic acidHelvetica Chimica Acta, 67
G. Bez, B. Kalita, P. Sarmah, N. Barua, D. Dutta (2003)
Recent Developments with 1,2,4-Trioxane-Type Artemisinin AnaloguesCurrent Organic Chemistry, 7
R. Schmidt, J. Michel (1980)
Einfache Synthese von α-und β-O-Glykosylimidaten; Herstellung von Glykosiden und Disacchariden†Angewandte Chemie, 92
Wei-shan Zhou, Xingxiang Xu (1994)
Total Synthesis of the Antimalarial Sesquiterpene Peroxide Qinghaosu and Yingzhaosu AAccounts of Chemical Research, 27
A. Bhattacharya, Ramavatar Sharma (1999)
Recent Developments on the Chemistry and Biological Activity of Artemisinin and Related Antimalarials — An UpdateChemInform, 30
S. Manabe, Yukishige Ito, T. Ogawa (1998)
Solvent Effect in Glycosylation Reaction on Polymer SupportSynlett, 1998
R. Schmidt, J. Michel, M. Roos (1984)
Glycosylimidate, 12 Direkte Synthese von O-α- und O-β-Glycosyl-imidatenEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1984
C. Hufford, H. Elsohly (1987)
1H AND 13C NMR Assignments of ArtheethersSpectroscopy Letters, 20
M. Avery, Maria Alvim-Gaston, J. Woolfrey (1999)
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of peroxidic antimalarials based on artemisinin, 4
H. Chenault, A. Castro, Andrew Chafin, J. Yang (1996)
The Chemistry of Isopropenyl Glycopyranosides. Transglycosylations and Other ReactionsJournal of Organic Chemistry, 61
Y. Vankar, P. Vankar, M. Behrendt, R. Schmidt (1991)
Synthesis of β-O-glycosides using enol ether and imidate derived leaving groups. Emphasis on the use of nitriles as a solventTetrahedron, 47
D. Chaturvedi, A. Goswami, P. Saikia, N. Barua, P. Rao (2010)
Artemisinin and its derivatives: a novel class of anti-malarial and anti-cancer agents.Chemical Society reviews, 39 2
R. Haynes (2006)
From artemisinin to new artemisinin antimalarials: biosynthesis, extraction, old and new derivatives, stereochemistry and medicinal chemistry requirements.Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 6 5
H. Ziffer, Y. Pu (1994)
Diastereofacial Additions to a b-Substituted Glycal, AnthydrodihydroartemisininHeterocycles, 39
R. Haynes, H. Chan, W. Ho, Cliff Ko, L. Gerena, D. Kyle, W. Peters, B. Robinson (2005)
Convenient Access Both to Highly Antimalaria‐Active 10‐Arylaminoartemisinins, and to 10‐Alkyl Ethers Including Artemether, Arteether, and ArtelinateChemBioChem, 6
R. Stringham, David Teager (2012)
Streamlined Process for the Conversion of Artemisinin to ArtemetherOrganic Process Research & Development, 16
F. El-Feraly, M. Al-Yahya, K. Orabi, D. McPhail, A. McPhail (1992)
A New Method for the Preparation of Arteether and Its C-9 EpimerJournal of Natural Products, 55
Y. Pu, B. Yagen, H. Ziffer (1994)
Stereoselective oxidations of a β-methylglycal, anhydrodihydroartemisininTetrahedron Letters, 35
R. Schmidt, M. Behrendt, A. Toepfer (1990)
Nitriles as Solvents in Glycosylation Reactions: Highly Selective β-Glycoside Synthesis1Synlett, 1990
R. Schmidt (1986)
New Methods for the Synthesis of Glycosides and Oligosaccharides—Are There Alternatives to the Koenigs‐Knorr Method? [New Synthetic Methods (56)]Angewandte Chemie, 25
R. Haynes, H. Chan, Cheung Man-Ki, Wai-Lun Lam, May-Kei Soo, Hing-Wo Tsang, A. Voerste, Ian Williams (2002)
C-10 Ester and Ether Derivatives of Dihydroartemisinin − 10-α Artesunate, Preparation of Authentic 10-β Artesunate, and of Other Ester and Ether Derivatives Bearing Potential Aromatic Intercalating Groups at C-10European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2002
R. Schmidt, J. Michel (1985)
O-(α-D-Glucopyranosyl)trichloroacetimidate as a Glucosyl DonorJournal of Carbohydrate Chemistry, 4
A. Butler, L. Conforti, P. Hulme, L. Renton, T. Rutherford (1999)
NMR and conformational studies of the antimalarial drug arte-etherJournal of The Chemical Society-perkin Transactions 1
A. Brossi, B. Venugopalan, L. Gerpe, Herman Yeh, J. Flippen-Anderson, P. Buchs, X. Luo, W. Milhous, W. Peters (1988)
Arteether, a new antimalarial drug: synthesis and antimalarial properties.Journal of medicinal chemistry, 31 3
Xiang Zhu, R. Schmidt (2009)
Neue Prinzipien für die Bildung von glycosidischen BindungenAngewandte Chemie, 121
A. Lin, M. Lee, D. Klayman (1989)
Antimalarial activity of new water-soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 2. Stereospecificity of the ether side chain.Journal of medicinal chemistry, 32 6
R. Schmidt, J. Michel (1980)
Facile Synthesis of α‐ and β‐O‐Glycosyl Imidates; Preparation of Glycosides and DisaccharidesAngewandte Chemie, 19
C. Singh, P. Tiwari (2002)
A one-pot conversion of artemisinin to its ether derivatives☆Tetrahedron Letters, 43
A. Demchenko (2003)
Stereoselective Chemical 1,2-cis O-Glycosylation: From ‘Sugar Ray’ to Modern Techniques of the 21st CenturySynlett, 2003
Gerhard Grundler, R. Schmidt (1984)
Glycosylimidate, 13. Anwendung des Trichloracetimidat-Verfahrens auf 2-Azidoglucose- und 2-Azidogalactose-DerivateEuropean Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1984
R. Schmidt, W. Kinzy (1994)
Anomeric-oxygen activation for glycoside synthesis: the trichloroacetimidate method.Advances in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry, 50
A. Lin, Robert Miller (1995)
Antimalarial activity of new dihydroartemisinin derivatives. 6. alpha-Alkylbenzylic ethers.Journal of medicinal chemistry, 38 5
Malaria is a life‐threatening disease affecting a major portion of the world's population with considerable loss of human life. Artemisinin, isolated from Artemisia annua, its oil‐ and water‐soluble derivatives, and other known antimalarials are recommended for artemisinin combination therapy by the World Health Organization. We have established a method for the stereoselective synthesis of β‐ether derivatives of dihydroartemisinin in high yield and high diastereoselectivity. The reaction either in acetonitrile or dichloromethane/trichloroacetonitrile (6:1) mixtures at 0 °C or room temperature, respectively, furnished the antimalarial drugs artemether 3 or arteether 4 in high yield with a high diastereomeric ratio. The effect the nitrile has on the yield and stereoselectivity is mechanistically explained.
Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry – Wiley
Published: Feb 1, 2016
Keywords: ; ; ; ;
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