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INTRODUCTIONBreast cancer‐related lymphoedema (BCRL) is one of the major complications suffered by breast cancer survivors and mainly manifests as upper limb swelling (He et al., 2020). The incidence of BCRL varies widely in different studies, depending on the patient characteristics, diagnostic methods and criteria, and recent reviews suggest that it is between 3% and 36.7% (Lin et al., 2021). BCRL has a significant impact on the physiologic and psychological well‐being of breast cancer patients (Eaton et al., 2020; Kalemikerakis et al., 2021). Patients at risk of lymphoedema need to make lifestyle changes in many ways to prevent lymphoedema, which can bring them great inconvenience, stress, and psychological distress (Sayegh et al., 2017), and one study found that more than 50% of breast cancer survivors were very concerned about their risk of lymphoedema (McLaughlin et al., 2013). Depending on the degree of lymphoedema, patients may experience physical symptoms such as upper extremity numbness, pain, swelling, and limited mobility, as well as negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and fear (Acebedo et al., 2021). In addition, they also encounter a variety of challenges in their lives due to BCRL, such as reduction of housework, unemployment, social withdrawal, and isolation (Acebedo et al., 2021; Arikan Dönmez et al., 2021; Sun et
European Journal of Cancer Care – Wiley
Published: Nov 1, 2022
Keywords: breast cancer; factor analysis; lymphoedema self‐management; psychometrics; questionnaire; structural equation model
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