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Introduction Percutaneous treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has gained tremendous interest over the last few years. New devices and increasing operator experience has made percutaneous therapy first line therapy at many institutions. Infrapopliteal interventions are extremely rewarding because establishing straight line blood flow to the foot can provide adequate perfusion to heal ischemic ulcers and prevent amputation. With appropriate patient selection, acute procedural success and long‐term outcomes may be better than surgical bypass making percutaneous revascularization an important first treatment option at most institutions. Epidemiology The prevalence of PAD is estimated to be 27 million people in North America and Europe. The major risk factors for PAD are similar to those associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), which include: advanced age, male sex, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Cigarette smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for CAD and PAD. More than 80% of the patients with PAD are either current or former smokers. The risk is correlated to the number of cigarettes smoked and is noted to be 2 to 3 times more in smokers than nonsmokers. Smoking is also 2 to 3 times more likely to cause lower extremity PAD than CAD.
Journal of Interventional Cardiology – Wiley
Published: Jun 1, 2007
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