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INTRODUCTIONThroughout the Summa theologiae, Thomas Aquinas teaches that ordinate cases of the passion of fear (passio timoris) contribute to human perfection.1 Sometimes they enable perfection regarding this life, as when moderated by acquired courage or perseverance.2 Other times they enable perfection regarding the life to come: Infused courage, perseverance, and the gift of courage all perfect the passion of fear for the sake of humanity’s supernatural end—beatitude (beatitudo).3 Even the gift of fear’s Spirit‐empowered perfection of the will helps move human beings toward that union with God.4But whereas ordinate fear and these perfecting habits move people toward God, inordinate fear and its corresponding corrupting habits do not. The sins and vices of fear and fearlessness corrupt their perpetrators and possessors, thus creating distance between these people and God.5 How can human beings overcome this twofold problem—their corruption and distance from God? How can those who have been inordinately fearful, fearless, or have either sin’s kindred vice attain salus and beatitudo?Aquinas contends that they can only do so through ‘our savior the Lord Jesus Christ,’ who came ‘to save His people from their sins’ (3.pro.).6 A proponent of Nicene and Chalcedonian orthodoxy, Aquinas affirms that Jesus is the second person
The Heythrop Journal – Wiley
Published: Nov 1, 2022
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