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Reporting bias occurs when preferential dissemination of studies with statistically significant or positive results leads to overestimation of the effectiveness of an intervention or accuracy of a diagnostic test based on available study reports. Systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines based on biased literature can distort best practice recommendations and negatively impact patient care.1–5 Therapeutic intervention studies with statistically significant or positive results are more likely to be presented at a conference6–8 and published (i.e. publication bias), especially in higher impact journals.9–13 Journal acceptance rates have been shown to be similar for submitted manuscripts with positive vs. negative results,14,15 suggesting that publication bias might be more attributable to presubmission factors. However, submitted abstracts with significant or positive findings are more likely to be accepted to some conferences.6–8Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) research evaluates the accuracy of a diagnostic test by comparing its results with a reference standard. In contrast to intervention research, most of these studies do not typically produce a result of “statistical significance”—rather, they provide estimates of test accuracy such as sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, publication bias in this type of research is more likely to occur based on the favorability of accuracy estimates or on conclusion positivity.
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Wiley
Published: Aug 1, 2022
Keywords: publication bias; diagnostic accuracy; STARD; conclusion positivity; peer review; meta‐research
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