Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
N. Laurin, Y. Feng, A. Ickowicz, T. Pathare, M. Malone, R. Tannock, R. Schachar, J. Kennedy, C. Barr (2007)
No preferential transmission of paternal alleles at risk genes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderMolecular Psychiatry, 12
P. Hoekstra, A. Dietrich, M. Edwards, Ishraga Elamin, D. Martino (2013)
Environmental factors in Tourette syndromeNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37
Robertson (2012)
The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: the current statusArch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed, 97
K. Mekli, A. Payton, F. Miyajima, H. Platt, E. Thomas, D. Downey, K. Lloyd-Williams, D. Chase, Z. Toth, R. Elliott, W. Ollier, I. Anderson, J. Deakin, G. Bagdy, G. Juhász (2011)
The HTR1A and HTR1B receptor genes influence stress-related information processingEuropean Neuropsychopharmacology, 21
Jangwoo Kim, I. Waldman, S. Faraone, J. Biederman, A. Doyle, S. Purcell, L. Arbeitman, J. Fagerness, P. Sklar, J. Smoller (2007)
Investigation of parent‐of‐origin effects in ADHD candidate genesAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 144B
R. Anney, Z. Hawi, K. Sheehan, A. Mulligan, Carlos Pinto, K. Brookes, Xiaohui Xu, K. Zhou, B. Franke, J. Buitelaar, S. Vermeulen, T. Banaschewski, E. Sonuga-Barke, R. Ebstein, I. Manor, A. Miranda, F. Mulas, R. Oades, H. Roeyers, Nanda Rommelse, A. Rothenberger, J. Sergeant, H. Steinhausen, E. Taylor, M. Thompson, P. Asherson, S. Faraone, M. Gill (2008)
Parent of origin effects in attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Analysis of data from the international multicenter ADHD genetics (IMAGE) programAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 147B
Shiguo Liu, Xinhua Zhang, Y. Yin, Meijian Wang, F. Che, Xu Ma (2011)
An Association Analysis between 5‐HTTLPR Polymorphism and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Tourette Syndrome in a Chinese Han PopulationCNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 17
R. Freeman, D. Fast, L. Burd, J. Kerbeshian, M. Robertson, P. Sandor (2000)
An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3500 individuals in 22 countriesDevelopmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 42
L. Lanfumey, M. Hamon (2004)
5-HT1 receptors.Current drug targets. CNS and neurological disorders, 3 1
J. Quist, James Kennedy (2001)
Genetics of childhood disorders: XXIII. ADHD, Part 7: The serotonin system.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40 2
A. Ickowicz, Yu Feng, K. Wigg, J. Quist, T. Pathare, W. Roberts, M. Malone, R. Schachar, R. Tannock, J. Kennedy, C. Barr (2006)
The Serotonin Receptor HTR 1 B : Gene Polymorphisms in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Nancy Shanahan, K. Pierz, Virginia Masten, C. Waeber, M. Ansorge, J. Gingrich, M. Geyer, R. Hen, S. Dulawa (2009)
Chronic Reductions in Serotonin Transporter Function Prevent 5-HT1B-Induced Behavioral Effects in MiceBiological Psychiatry, 65
M. Bloch, J. Leckman (2009)
Clinical course of Tourette syndrome.Journal of psychosomatic research, 67 6
Se Kim, K. Namkoong, J. Kang, Chan-Hyung Kim (2009)
Association of a 5-HT1Dβ Receptor Gene Polymorphism with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Korean Male SubjectsNeuropsychobiology, 59
T. Steeves, S. Fox (2008)
Neurobiological basis of serotonin-dopamine antagonists in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.Progress in brain research, 172
J. Bouwknecht, T. Hijzen, J. Gugten, R. Maes, R. Hen, B. Olivier (2001)
Absence of 5-HT(1B) receptors is associated with impaired impulse control in male 5-HT(1B) knockout mice.Biological psychiatry, 49 7
M. Robertson (1989)
The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: the Current StatusBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 154
E. Mundo, M. Richter, F. Sam, F. Macciardi, J. Kennedy (2000)
Is the 5-HT(1Dbeta) receptor gene implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder?The American journal of psychiatry, 157 7
A. Drago, S. Alboni, Brunello Nicoletta, D. Ronchi, A. Serretti (2009)
HTR1B as a risk profile maker in psychiatric disorders: a review through motivation and memoryEuropean Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 66
Yi Guo, Xiong Deng, J. Jankovic, L. Su, J Zhang, W. Le, Hongbo Xu, Zuocheng Yang, Jinsong Tang, Shoujin Kuang, H. Deng (2012)
Mutation screening of the HTR2B gene in patients with Tourette syndromeNeuroscience Letters, 526
S. Dehning, N. Müller, Judith Matz, A. Bender, I. Kerle, J. Benninghoff, R. Musil, I. Spellmann, B. Bondy, H. Möller, M. Riedel, P. Zill (2010)
A genetic variant of HTR2C may play a role in the manifestation of Tourette syndromePsychiatric Genetics, 20
A. Ickowicz, Yu Feng, K. Wigg, J. Quist, T. Pathare, W. Roberts, M. Malone, R. Schachar, R. Tannock, J. Kennedy, C. Barr (2007)
The serotonin receptor HTR1B: Gene polymorphisms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorderAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 144B
Nancy Shanahan, Lady Velez, Virginia Masten, S. Dulawa (2011)
Essential Role for Orbitofrontal Serotonin 1B Receptors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-Like Behavior and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Response in MiceBiological Psychiatry, 70
Deng (2012)
The genetics of Tourette syndromeNat Rev Neurol, 8
D. Martino, G. Laviola (2013)
The multifaceted nature of Tourette syndrome: Pre-clinical, clinical and therapeutic issuesNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37
E. Mundo, M. Richter, F. Sam, F. Macciardi, J. Kennedy (2000)
Is the 5-HT1Dβ Receptor Gene Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?American Journal of Psychiatry, 157
P. Moya, J. Wendland, Liza Rubenstein, K. Timpano, G. Heiman, J. Tischfield, R. King, A. Andrews, Samanda Ramamoorthy, F. McMahon, D. Murphy (2013)
Common and rare alleles of the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, associated with Tourette's disorderMovement Disorders, 28
D. Pauls (2001)
The genetics of tourette syndromeCurrent Psychiatry Reports, 3
Yi Guo, L. Su, Jie Zhang, Jing Lei, Xiong Deng, Hongbo Xu, Zuocheng Yang, Shoujin Kuang, Jinsong Tang, Zi-qiang Luo, H. Deng (2012)
Analysis of the BTBD9 and HTR2C variants in Chinese Han patients with Tourette syndromePsychiatric Genetics, 22
P. Paschou
Author's Personal Copy Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews the Genetic Basis of Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome
Z. Hawi, M. Dring, A. Kirley, D. Foley, L. Kent, N. Craddock, P. Asherson, S. Curran, A. Gould, S. Richards, D. Lawson, H. Pay, D. Turic, K. Langley, M. Owen, M. O'Donovan, A. Thapar, M. Fitzgerald, M. Gill (2001)
Serotonergic system and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a potential susceptibility locus at the 5-HT1B receptor gene in 273 nuclear families from a multi-centre sampleMolecular Psychiatry, 7
J. Smoller, J. Biederman, L. Arbeitman, A. Doyle, J. Fagerness, R. Perlis, P. Sklar, S. Faraone (2006)
Association Between the 5HT1B Receptor Gene (HTR1B) and the Inattentive Subtype of ADHDBiological Psychiatry, 59
Paschou (2013)
The genetic basis of Gilles de la Tourette SyndromeNeurosci Biobehav Rev, 37
C. Fehr, Nina Grintschuk, A. Szegedi, I. Anghelescu, C. Klawe, P. Singer, C. Hiemke, N. Dahmen (2000)
The HTR1B 861G>C receptor polymorphism among patients suffering from alcoholism, major depression, anxiety disorders and narcolepsyPsychiatry Research, 97
Yung-yu Huang, R. Grailhe, V. Arango, R. Hen, J. Mann (1999)
Relationship of Psychopathology to the Human Serotonin1B Genotype and Receptor Binding Kinetics in Postmortem Brain TissueNeuropsychopharmacology, 21
Freeman (2000)
An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countriesDev Med Child Neurol, 42
IntroductionTourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric movement disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and one or more vocal/phonic tics, lasting longer than a year. To date, the prevalence range of TS is between 0.4% to 3.8% of youngsters between the ages of 5 and 18 years (Robertson, ). The onset age of TS being reported is between the ages of 4 and 6 years and reach their worst‐ever severity between the ages of 10 and 12 years (Bloch and Leckman, ). Boys/men are more commonly affected, with the male : female ratio being about 3∼4:1. About 88% of individuals had been reported comorbidity, psychopathology and other difficulties (Freeman et al., ). The predominant comorbid disorders in TS include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive–compulsive behavior (OCB) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), while the most common coexisting psychopathologies are depression, learning difficulties and so on (Robertson, ). These disorders often causemore problems for the children both at home and at school than do tics alone.Although the pathogenesis of TS is not specific, the family and twin studies certified that TS is a genetic disease (Deng et al., ). The etiology of TS is the complex interaction of environmental adversities and genetic background (Hoekstra
Asia-Pacific Psychiatry – Wiley
Published: Jun 1, 2017
Keywords: ; ; ; ;
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.