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Application of Nanoparticle Antioxidants to Enable Hyperstable Chloroplasts for Solar Energy Harvesting

Application of Nanoparticle Antioxidants to Enable Hyperstable Chloroplasts for Solar Energy... The chloroplast contains densely stacked arrays of light‐harvesting proteins that harness solar energy with theoretical maximum glucose conversion efficiencies approaching 12%. Few studies have explored isolated chloroplasts as a renewable, abundant, and low cost source for solar energy harvesting. One impediment is that photoactive proteins within the chloroplast become photodamaged due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vivo, chloroplasts reduce photodegradation by applying a self‐repair cycle that dynamically replaces photodamaged components; outside the cell, ROS‐induced photodegradation contributes to limited chloroplast stability. The incorporation of chloroplasts into synthetic, light‐harvesting devices will require regenerative ROS scavenging mechanisms to prolong photoactivity. Herein, we study ROS generation within isolated chloroplasts extracted from Spinacia oleracea directly interfaced with nanoparticle antioxidants, including dextran‐wrapped nanoceria (dNC) previously demonstrated as a potent ROS scavenger. We quantitatively examine the effect of dNC, along with cerium ions, fullerenol, and DNA‐wrapped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), on the ROS generation of isolated chloroplasts using the oxidative dyes, 2’,7’‐ dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF‐DA) and 2,3‐bis(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide sodium salt (XTT). Electrochemical measurements confirm that chloroplasts processed from free solution can generate power under illumination. We find dNC to be the most effective of these agents for decreasing oxidizing species and superoxide concentrations whilst preserving chloroplast photoactivity at concentrations below 5 μM, offering a promising mechanism for maintaining regenerative chloroplast photoactivity for light‐harvesting applications. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Advanced Energy Materials Wiley

Application of Nanoparticle Antioxidants to Enable Hyperstable Chloroplasts for Solar Energy Harvesting

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References (86)

Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
ISSN
1614-6832
eISSN
1614-6840
DOI
10.1002/aenm.201201014
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The chloroplast contains densely stacked arrays of light‐harvesting proteins that harness solar energy with theoretical maximum glucose conversion efficiencies approaching 12%. Few studies have explored isolated chloroplasts as a renewable, abundant, and low cost source for solar energy harvesting. One impediment is that photoactive proteins within the chloroplast become photodamaged due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vivo, chloroplasts reduce photodegradation by applying a self‐repair cycle that dynamically replaces photodamaged components; outside the cell, ROS‐induced photodegradation contributes to limited chloroplast stability. The incorporation of chloroplasts into synthetic, light‐harvesting devices will require regenerative ROS scavenging mechanisms to prolong photoactivity. Herein, we study ROS generation within isolated chloroplasts extracted from Spinacia oleracea directly interfaced with nanoparticle antioxidants, including dextran‐wrapped nanoceria (dNC) previously demonstrated as a potent ROS scavenger. We quantitatively examine the effect of dNC, along with cerium ions, fullerenol, and DNA‐wrapped single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), on the ROS generation of isolated chloroplasts using the oxidative dyes, 2’,7’‐ dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF‐DA) and 2,3‐bis(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide sodium salt (XTT). Electrochemical measurements confirm that chloroplasts processed from free solution can generate power under illumination. We find dNC to be the most effective of these agents for decreasing oxidizing species and superoxide concentrations whilst preserving chloroplast photoactivity at concentrations below 5 μM, offering a promising mechanism for maintaining regenerative chloroplast photoactivity for light‐harvesting applications.

Journal

Advanced Energy Materials – Wiley

Published: Jul 1, 2013

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