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1951: Max Theiler, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine; for developing a vaccine against yellow fever. 1960: Albert John Luthuli, South Africa, Peace; for his role in the non‐violent struggle against apartheid. 1978: Anwar El Sadat, Egypt, Peace; for engaging in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Egypt‐Israel Peace Treaty. 1979: Allan McLeod Cormack, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine; for his work on X‐ray computed tomography. 1984: Desmond Tutu, South Africa, Peace; for being active in the defence of human rights for campaigning for the oppressed and fighting AIDS, tuberculosis, homophobia, transphobia, poverty and racism. 1986: Wole Soyinka, Nigeria, Literature; he was recognised as a man “who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence”. 1988: Naguib Mahfouz, Egypt, Literature; was one of the first contemporary writers of Arabic literature to explore themes of existentialism. 1991: Nadine Gordimer, South Africa, Literature; a woman “who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity”. 1993: Nelson Mandela, South Africa, Peace; despite the spectre of violent confrontation he made it clear that negotiations were the only way forward. Frederik Willem de Klerk, South Africa, Peace; joint winner with Mandela, he supported the transformation of South Africa into a multi‐racial democracy. 1999: Ahmed Zewail, Egypt, Chemistry; for his work on femtochemistry, a science that studies chemical reactions on extremely short timescales. 2001: Kofi Annan, Ghana, Peace; Annan and the United Nations were the co‐recipients for founding the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people. 2002: Sydney Brenner, Physiology or Medicine; made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology. 2003: J. M. Coetzee, South Africa, Literature; the Swedish Academy said that Coetzee “in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider”. 2004: Wangari Maathai, Kenya, Peace; she became the first African woman to receive the Prize for “her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace”. 2005: Mohamed El Baradei, Egypt, Peace; He was the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) and awarded the prize jointly with the IAEA. 2011: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia, Peace; awarded jointly with Leymah Gbowee and Tawakel Karman of Yemen, “for their non‐violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace‐building work.” Leymah Gbowee, Liberia, Peace; for leading a women’s peace movement that brought an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003 and led to the election of Sirleaf, the first African nation with a female president.
Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural Series – Wiley
Published: Nov 1, 2011
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