What is the true impact of an apology?
Abstract
A national apology may assist in achieving reconciliation, cooperation, or forgiveness after past wrongs. However, the high hopes that are held for this role are more frequently dashed than fulfilled. Japan’s history of apologies is readily comparable to other nations’ attempts to correct past wrongs. The difficulties that many countries experience in their efforts to make meaningful apologies tend to undermine the power of the act itself. Individuals and small groups in civil...