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Can He Save the World?
(2001)
Words for All of Us from Vinton
(2001)
Spying on Terrorists and Thwarting Them Gains New Urgency,
(2002)
Fear, the New Virus of a Connected Era, New York Times (October 20, 2001) A13
How Terrorists Use the Internet
Keeping the Lifelines Open
(2001)
Attacks Expose Telephones Soft Underbelly,
(2001)
Anthrax Worries Find Answer in E-mail,
Sept. 11 Death Toll Declines as 2 People are Found Alive
(2001)
Taking Refuge on the Internet: A Quilt of Tales and Solace,
(2001)
Anthrax Drug Is Promoted on Web Sites,
Videoconferencing's New Appeal
Reconsidering Security, U.S. Clamps Down on Agency Web Sites
(2001)
Veiled Messages of Terror May Lurk in Cyberspace,
Sec 4, 14. WTC Internet Remembrance Campaign
How Al Qaeda Put Internet to Use
(2001)
The Search for Intelligent Life on the Internet,
Terror Groups Hide Behind Web Encryption
(2001)
In Investigation, Internet Offers Clues and Static,
Fear, the New Virus of a Connected Era
(2001)
Securing the Lines of a Wired Nation,
(2001)
Relief Agencies Retool to Handle Online Flood,
The Stuff of Patriotism, and Cheap Too
(2002)
Revamped Proposal Suggests Strategies to Tighten Online Security,
(2001)
How the Terror Trail Went Unseen,
Office to Battle Cyberterrorism
Internet Access Providers Curb Both Terrorist Postings and an Anti-Islamic Backlash
Report Calls for Plan of Sharing Data to Prevent Terror
Controlling Encryption Will Not Stop Terrorists
(2001)
Internet Becomes Only Link after Cell Phones Fail,
(2002)
Qaeda Put Internet to Use
(2001)
Reconsidering Security, U.S
Pentagon Plans a Computer System That Would Peek at Personal Data of Americans
V. Cerf (2001)
Beyond the post-PC InternetCommun. ACM, 44
(2001)
Hoaxes, Rumors, and Wishful Thinking Spawned Trauma,
Web Donors Give Millions in Relief
(2002)
Real Solace in a Virtual World: Memorials Take Root on the Web,
(2002)
Death Toll Declines as 2 People are Found Alive,
Cyberangels Special Message: Terrorist Attack on the United States
(2001)
VeriSign Bars Offensive Net Name Auctions (September 2001)
911 Tape Raises Added Questions on Radio Failures
(2001)
E-Commerce Report: The Internet Passes Its First Test as a Source of Communications in the Aftermath of a Disaster,
A Flood of Anxious Calls Clog Phone Lines
Companies Fear Wave of Cyberterrorism
GIS and Steganography-Part I: Hidden Secrets in the Digital Ether
(1998)
New U.S. Office to Battle Cyberterrorism,
(2002)
State Restricts Data on Internet in Attempt to Thwart Terrorists,
(2002)
Post 9/11 Age of Missing Information
(2001)
Red Cross Halts Collections for Terror Victims,
Report of Scams Preying on Donors Are on the Rise
(2001)
As Thick as the Ash, Myths Are Swirling,
Words for All of Us from Vinton Cerf
Internet Performance after Attack Could Be Worst Ever
Powerful Attack Upsets Global Internet Traffic
(2001)
Senator Says New Office Should Cover Cyber Terrorism,
VeriSign Bars 'Offensive' Net Name Auctions
The Internet in the Aftermath of the World Trade Center Attack 111 The Internet in the Aftermath of the World Trade Center Attack Briavel Holcomb, Philip B. Bakelaar, and Mark Zizzamia main purpose of the Internet, when first established in the late 1960s and early 1970s, was to provide a means of A communication between command centers in various parts of the United States that would function in case of a national emergency when other methods of communication would be out of commission. The U.S. Defense Departments Advanced Research Projects Agency established ARPANET to link computers on the East and West coasts, as well as command centers in Utah and Illinois that could continue to communicate in the event of a nuclear attack. But it was over thirty years later on September 11, 2001, in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) and the Pentagon, during which about 3,000 people were killed, that the Internet was used for the purpose for which it was originally designed. This paper was first written for the Digital Communities: Cities in the Information Society conference in November 2001 to explore both the function and the uses to which
Journal of Urban Technology – Taylor & Francis
Published: Apr 1, 2003
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