Abstract

In this study, a new paradigm containing motor observation, motor execution, and motor imagery was designed to investigate whether motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) of finger gestures can be used to extend commands of practical mBCIs. The subjects were instructed to perform or imagine 30 left and right finger gestures. Hierarchical support vector machine (hSVM) method was applied to classify four tasks (i.e., ME and MI tasks between left and right gestures). The average classification accuracies of motor imagery and execution tasks using fivefold cross-validation were 90.89 ± 9.87% and 74.08 ± 13.42% in first layer and second layer, respectively. The average accuracy of classification of four classes is 83.06 ± 7.29% overall. These results show that performing or imaging finger movements have the potential to extend the commands of the existing BCI, especially for healthy elderly living.