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Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 281 build their own versions of colonial hill stations – luxurious enclaves the author appropriately describes as ‘conjoined sites of tourism and governance’. (4) From these bases, boosters and developers saw tropical tourism as a vehicle to attract virtuous white US settlers prior to World War I. A series of ‘vices’ associated with black, Spanish, or native Hawaiian culture (the rumba, bullfighting, and hula, among others) generally found official disfavor, despite their popularity among US tourists. After the war, authorities in both places set aside tourism as settlement strat- egy, embraced excess and vice, and marketed to tourists the ‘barbaric’ pleasures associated with once-powerful local aristocracies. The rise of vice tourism went hand-in-hand with increasingly corrupt and exclusionary governments with ties to elites: in Hawaiï the long-domi- nant haole class; in Cuba, a clientelist ruling class linked to the USA. Tourism became a site where nationalists in Cuba and multiracial statehood advocates in Hawaiï joined battle with those elites, arguing that tourism was ‘a symbol and source of racism and imperialism’ (12). 1959 brought these struggles to a conclusion. It is no small irony that tourist narratives played an important role in the
Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change – Taylor & Francis
Published: Sep 1, 2012
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