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Cyberplace and Cyberspace 5 Cyberplace and Cyberspace: Two Approaches to Analyzing Digital Intercity Linkages Lomme Devriendt, Ben Derudder, and Frank Witlox ROM the mid-1990s, there has been an enormous growth in the use and diversity of information and communi- Fcations technologies (ICT), such as global positioning systems (GPS), virtual reality (VR), voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), short message service (SMS), and others. The use of webcam conversation, digital signature, real-time chat, e-mail, and several other digital communication applications are almost everyday practices and are indispensable in business transactions. Traditional activities such as shopping, banking, entertaining, and working are being progressively supplemented by numerous e-applications such as e-working, e-shopping, e-banking, and e-entertainment. Although the effect of this “e-volution” has to be put into perspective, most e-applications complement but do Mokhtarian et al. not substitute for traditional activities. Weltevreden A number of e-products also generate completely new fields of application. For instance, in order to secure or send information, Castells 2001 we all put information into a digital format. Castells has pointed out that the world annual production of information in different forms amounts to 1.5 billion gigabytes of which, in 1999, 93 percent was already produced in digital format. The
Journal of Urban Technology – Taylor & Francis
Published: Aug 1, 2008
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