Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Susasnne Zopf, M. Tiemann (2010)
BIBB/BAuA-Employment Survey 2005/06Schmollers Jahrbuch, 130
Douglas Cumming (2012)
The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance
I. Verheul, R. Thurik (2001)
Start-Up Capital: "Does Gender Matter?"Small Business Economics, 16
DR Williams (2003)
Returns to education and experience in self-employment: evidence from GermanySchmollers Jahrb, 123
J. Heckman (1979)
Sample selection bias as a specification errorApplied Econometrics, 31
E. Asiedu, James Freeman, Akwasi Nti-Addae (2012)
Access to Credit by Small Businesses: How Relevant Are Race, Ethnicity, and Gender? †The American Economic Review, 102
Marco Caliendo, A. Kritikos (2012)
Searching for the Entrepreneurial Personality: New Evidence and Avenues for Further ResearchEntrepreneurship & the Social Sciences eJournal
E. Lazear (2004)
Balanced Skills and EntrepreneurshipThe American Economic Review, 94
A. Tansel (2000)
Wage Earners, Self-Employed and Gender in the Informal Sector in TurkeyLabor: Supply & Demand
S. Coleman (2000)
Access to Capital and Terms of Credit: A Comparison of Men- and Women- Owned Small BusinessesJournal of Small Business Management, 38
R. Aronson (1991)
Self-Employment: A Labor Market Perspective
R. Oaxaca (1973)
Male-Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor MarketsInternational Economic Review, 14
SC Parker (2009)
The economics of entrepreneurship
N Fortin, T Lemieux, S Firpo (2011)
Handbook of labor economics
P Puhani (2000)
The Heckman correction for sample selection and its critiqueJ Econ Surv, 14
Donald Williams (2000)
Consequences of self-employment for women and men in the United StatesLabour Economics, 7
Kristy Eastough, P. Miller (2004)
The Gender Wage Gap in Paid- and Self-Employment in AustraliaWiley-Blackwell: Australian Economic Papers
M. Minniti (2009)
Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship
D Weichselbaumer, R Winter-Ebmer (2005)
A meta-analysis of the international gender wage gapJ Econ Surv, 19
(2011)
Decomposition methods in economics
B. Barres (2006)
Does gender matter?Nature, 442
Richard Boden (1999)
Flexible Working Hours, Family Responsibilities, and Female Self-Employment: Gender Differences in Self-Employment SelectionThe American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 58
T. Åstebro, P. Thompson (2011)
Entrepreneurs, Jacks of all trades or Hobos?Research Policy, 40
(2009)
Gender Differences in Business Performance: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey
R. Leicht, Maria Lauxen-Ulbrich (2005)
Statistiken über Gründerinnen und selbständige Frauen
Anita Rietz, Magnus Henrekson (2007)
Testing the Female Underperformance HypothesisSmall Business Economics, 14
Eileen Fischer, A. Reuber, Lorraine Dyke (1993)
A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender, and entrepreneurshipJournal of Business Venturing, 8
C. Gather, T. Schmidt, S. Ulbricht (2010)
Der Gender Income Gap bei den Selbstständigen – Empirische Befunde
T Konietzko (2012)
Self-employed individuals, time use, and earnings
(2006)
BIBB/BAuA employment survey of the working population on qualification and working
Doris Weichselbaumer, R. Winter‐Ebmer (2003)
A Meta-Analysis of the International Gender Wage GapIZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series
Robert Moore (1983)
Employer Discrimination: Evidence from Self-Employed WorkersThe Review of Economics and Statistics, 65
M Tiemann, H-J Schade, R Helmrich, A Hall, U Braun, P Bott (2008)
Berufsfeld-Definitionen des BIBB auf Basis der Klassifikation der Berufe 1992
L. Fabowale, B. Orser, A. Riding (1995)
Gender, Structural Factors, and Credit Terms between Canadian Small Businesses and Financial InstitutionsEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19
Sandra Gottschalk, Michaela Niefert (2011)
Gender Differences in Business Success of German Start-Up FirmsIO: Empirical Studies of Firms & Markets eJournal
S. Parker (2009)
The Economics of Entrepreneurship: List of tables
Maria Lauxen-Ulbrich, R. Leicht (2005)
Wie Frauen gründen und was sie unternehmen : Nationaler Report Deutschland
Gema Álvarez, Carlos Gradín, M. Giráldez (2009)
Self-employment in Spain: Transition and earnings differential
Joseph Altonji, R. Blank (1999)
Race and gender in the labor marketHandbook of Labor Economics
G. Hundley (2001)
Why women earn less than men in self-employmentJournal of Labor Research, 22
A Hall, M Tiemann (2006)
BIBB/BAuA employment survey of the working population on qualification and working conditions in Germany 2006, suf_1.0. Research data center at BIBB (ed), GESIS cologne, Germany (data access)
Donald Williams (2002)
Returns to Education and Experience in Self-Employment: Evidence from GermanyJournal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch
M Jungbauer-Gans (1999)
Der Lohnunterschied zwischen Frauen und Männern in selbständiger und abhängiger BeschäftigungKoln Z Soziol Sozialpsych, 51
G. Becker (1985)
Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of LaborJournal of Labor Economics, 3
(2012)
Soziol Sozialpsych 51:364–390 Konietzko T (2012) Self-employed individuals, time use, and earnings. Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen
M Caliendo, AS Kritikos (2012)
Searching for the entrepreneurial personality: New evidence and avenues for further researchJ Econ Psychol, 33
Kate Rybczynski (2009)
Are Liquidity Constraints Holding Women Back? An Analysis of Gender in Self-Employment EarningsThe journal of economic asymmetries, 6
RJ Boden (1999)
Flexible working hours, family responsibilities, and female self-employmentAm J Econ Sociol, 58
T. Åstebro (2010)
The Returns to EntrepreneurshipERPN: Economic Development & Technological Change (Topic)
Anastasia Semykina, Susan Linz (2007)
Gender Differences in Personality and Earnings:Evidence from RussiaJournal of Economic Psychology, 28
RL Aronson (1991)
Self-employment
Karen Lombard (2001)
Female self‐employment and demand for flexible, nonstandard work schedulesEconomic Inquiry, 39
B. Orser, A. Riding, K. Manley (2006)
Women Entrepreneurs and Financial CapitalEntrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30
G. Hundley (2000)
Male/Female Earnings Differences in Self-Employment: The Effects of Marriage, Children, and the Household Division of LaborIndustrial & Labor Relations Review, 54
John Walker (2009)
Earnings, Effort, and Work Flexibility of Self-Employed Women and Men: The Case of St. Croix County, WisconsinJournal of Labor Research, 30
Patrick Puhani (2000)
The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and Its Critique - A Short Survey
(2011)
Report on progress on equality between women and men in 2010
C Gather, T Schmidt, S Ulbricht (2010)
Prekäres unternehmertum
I Gerlach, C Damhus (2010)
Berufliche Selbständigkeit als Strategie zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie? Übersicht zum Stand der Forschung
A. Blinder (1973)
Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural EstimatesJournal of Human Resources, 8
(2010)
Berufliche Selbständigkeit als Strategie zur Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie? Übersicht
Danny Leung (2006)
The male/female earnings gap and female self-employmentJournal of Socio-economics, 35
I. Verheul, R. Thurik (2000)
Start-Up Capital
Using a large data set for Germany, we show that both the raw and the unexplained gender earnings gap are higher in self-employment than in paid employment. Applying an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, about one quarter to one third of the difference in monthly self-employment earnings can be traced back to women working fewer hours than men whereas there are no robust segregation effects. Working time flexibility and career aspirations do not seem to contribute much to the gender earnings gap, whereas family background plays a certain role as it affects the earnings of self-employed men and women quite differently.
IZA Journal of European Labor Studies – Springer Journals
Published: Dec 28, 2012
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.