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- Publisher
- Springer Journals
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2015 by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (outside the USA)
- Subject
- Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Renewable and Green Energy; Optical and Electronic Materials; Condensed Matter Physics; Energy Storage
- ISSN
- 0947-7047
- eISSN
- 1862-0760
- DOI
- 10.1007/s11581-015-1519-7
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
We introduce low levels of CsClO4 and RbClO4 into the electrolyte of LiCoO2 electrochemical half-cells to probe the composition of the passivation film on the surface of the cathode, the electrolyte decomposition layer (EDL). The advantages of these heavy alkali dopants lie in their large ionic radii, which limit intercalation, yet their strong light scattering cross-section creates a beacon that highlights the formation of products near the cathode surface. Detailed surface analysis and depth profiling with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and bulk analysis utilizing X-ray absorption spectroscopy, show evidence for the formation of Cs/Rb compounds, such as carbonates, halides, and perchlorates, similar to those formed by lithium in previous studies, but also reveal the significantly reduced mobility of the Cs/Rb relative to Li in the non-uniform EDL. This unique approach could open several presently untapped techniques to gather new information on the EDL in Li-ion batteries.
Journal
Ionics – Springer Journals
Published: Aug 21, 2015