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Iron Age treated carnelian beads and their natural counterparts from SE Asia have been discussed in terms of attribution of transition and lighter elements in their matrix. They were investigated by using synchrotron techniques (XRF: X-ray fluorescence, XANES: X-ray absorption near edge structure, and XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and SEM-EDS: scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy. Ferrihydrite or ferrihydrite + goethite have been found as the causes of color. The treated stones were subjected to the sugar + sulfuric acid treatment of about 1800-year BP. This work has fulfilled information about the treatment in the ancient chalcedony to the archeomineralogy archive.
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences – Springer Journals
Published: Jan 2, 2020
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