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The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae)

The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 24(4), 335–337 SHORT-COMMUNICA ARTICLE TION December 2016 The juvenile plumage of Quebracho C rested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) 1,2,4 3 Paul Smith and Kimball L. Garrett FAUNA Paraguay, Carmen de Lara Castro, Barrio San Roque, Encarnación, Paraguay. Para La Tierra, Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. Corresponding author: faunaparaguay@gmail.com Received on 11 October 2015. Accepted on 27 October 2016. ABSTRACT: The first description and i mages of the chick of the range restricted Chaco endemic Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa are provided. They are essentially similar to adults, but possess a pale mid-dorsal stripe along the body. When crouching in a cryptic defensive posture, this stripe combines with the paler lateral stripes on the head and neck to effective ly break up the outline of the bird. The identity of a Eu dromia chick in the Los Angeles County museum is also confirmed as E. formosa. KEY-WORDS: Chaco, chick, Paraguay, Tinamiformes. The Chaco endemic Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Banks (1977) mentions a downy chick a few days Eudromia formosa occurs in semi-open areas adjacent old of a Eudromia species that was taken “15 km NE to dense, xerophytic, thorny forest with open or dense of Capirenda, Tarija state, SE Bolivia; Bolivian Chaco” undergrowth (Smith et al. 2013) in northwest Argentina, on 4 August 1957 by Kenneth E. Stager and Stephen western Paraguay and extreme southeastern Bolivia C. Bromley (field number 16635) and housed in the (Davies 2002, Fernández et al. 2009, Capllonch & Los Angeles County Museum. He tentatively attributed Allende 2013). Though currently treated as monotypic this specimen to Eudromia elegans intermedia, but (Blake 1977, Navas & Bó 1981, Davies 2002, Capllonch noted that it was conceivable that it may represent an & Allende 2013, Smith 2014a), the Paraguayan “extreme westward range of Eudromia formosa mira of population has previously been separated as E. f. mira the Paraguayan Chaco or a northwestward extension of (Brodkorb 1938, Short 1975, Banks 1977) on account E. f. formosa of the Argentine Chaco”. Remsen & Traylor of its supposedly browner plumage and broader, but less (1983) also suspected this chick might be E. formosa, and well-defined shaft-streaks on the upperparts. the presence of that species in this area of Bolivia was later The natural history of the species is poorly confirmed by Fernández et al. (2009). However, none of documented. Smith et al. (2013) provided data on these publications provided any description of the chick. global distribution, habitat preference, a single egg and The specimen in question is LACM 35339 (Figure 1A, vocalizations from Paraguay and Argentina, as well as B), is a male and is indeed referable to Eudromia formosa. summarizing the limited available data on breeding LACM 35339 has the following measurements, in throughout the range, and Smith (2014b) provided mm: exposed culmen (feathering to tip) = 13.3; bill from additional natural history observations on predation, anterior nares to tip = 6.7; bill depth at anterior nares = feeding and distraction display. The latest comprehensive 4.0; bill width at anterior nares = 4.1; head length (back monograph of the Tinamidae (Davies 2002) makes of skull, which is intact on the skin, to bill tip) = 34.9; no reference to the downy chick of this species and tarsus (heel joint to last undivided scale) = 18.4; wing it is apparently undescribed. In this note we provide a chord (to tips of flight feather sheaths) = 31.5; maximum description and photographs of a downy chick captured length of flight feather sheaths on right wing (no remex in the Paraguayan Chaco during September 2014 and has broken the sheath) = 11.7 from skin at tip of “hand”; a discussion of a Bolivian specimen in the Los Angeles total length of bird (skin) = 130. County Museum tentatively referred to as Eudromia The specimen closely resembles those of E. elegans of elegans intermedia, but within the known range of E. similar age (e.g., LACM 56997, an avicultural specimen; formosa (Banks 1977). Figure 1A, B), but is strongly suffused with pale Cinnamon The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eu dromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) Paul Smith and Kimball L. Garrett (Color No. 39 in Smithe 1975) on the breast, belly and but additional stripes are present (Figure 1D). Crown and flanks and wit h Mikado Brown (No. 121C; Smithe 1975) forehead are rich chestnut-brown with black flecking, on the dorsum and crest. Thin creamy-white feathers some thin blackish fi loplumes on the forehead are longer along the center of the back are loosely organized into a than the other feathers. A thin lateral crown stripe runs pale mid-dorsal stripe. Comparative specimens of chicks from the base of the bill on the forehead to the base of the of elegans are colder, near Light Drab (No. 119C; Smithe crest and fades out on the hind crown without uniting; 1975) above and very pale gray-buff below; no mid-dorsal this stripe is absent in adults. A broad white stripe runs stripe is present, although some thin whitish feathers are from above the eye and ear coverts to the hind neck and scattered along that region. The chest and sides of the neck dorsally to the mantle and a third white stripe begins are paler (less strongly patterned with dusky) in the formosa at the gape and runs under the eye and ear coverts, chick. Additionally, there is a strong white lateral crown broadening behind the ear and running down the side stripe (above but parallel to the white supercilium) at the of the neck. Though both of these stripes are present in lateral edges of the crest, and extending back to the sides the adult bird, they are more conspicuous in the chick of the hindneck in the formosa specimen; examined chicks than in adults, where they fade out more rapidly on the of elegans showed just a few thin white streaks in this area. neck (particularly so in the case of the lower stripe which An adult (presumably male) with three downy becomes less obvious shortly after the ear coverts). A chicks was observed on the southeastern border road of rhomboid shaped white loral spot in front of the eye is Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso, Departamento Boquerón not continuous with the stripe above the eye, but forms (21°08'57.6"S; 61°31'18.9"W) on 21 September 2014. a pattern with it that helps to break up the form of the One chick was captured by hand and is described below head. This is present as a barely visible paler area on the (Figure 1C). The chick was subsequently released due to lores in adult birds. The throat is conspicuously white, the lack of relevant collection permits. with scattered elongated plumes giving a slightly bearded The banded head pattern recalls that of the adult, impression. The foreneck lacks the bold sagittate markings A BB C E FIGURE 1. Eudromia formosa Specimen LACM 35339 “15 km NE of Capirenda, Tarija state, SE Bolivia; Bolivian Chaco” collected on 4 August 1957 (A, above) in direct comparison with a specimen (LACM 56997) of a chick of similar age of E. elegans of captive origin (aviary of Harold Schmidt, collected 29 November 1960) (A, below), in dorsal and ventral views. Photo: K. Garrett. Chick of Eudromia formosa, Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso, Departamento Boquerón (21°08'57.6"S; 61°31'18.9"W) on 21 September 2014 (C). Photo: J. Lehmberg. Head detail of the same chick (D). Photo: P. Smith. Dorsal pattern of same chick (E). Photo: P. Smith. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 24(4), 2016 The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eu dromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) Paul Smith and Kimball L. Garrett of adults and instead shows a more diffuse pattern of pale E. elegans with a captive origin in LACM, both known buffy-white bases, indistinct scattered black spotting specimens of E. formosa were noticeably more reddish- and thin white streaking. Dorsally the chick is pale brown overall, especially on the head, neck and crest brownish with irregular but heavy black flecking typically (Figure 1A, B), a plumage difference that is consistent associated with broader white streaking that combine to with the differences observed between adult birds of these give a poorly defined, but highly cryptic dorsal pattern. two species. The exception to this is a notably paler mid-dorsal stripe which can look almost pure white at certain angles, and is ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS bordered on either side by an irregular dark stripe formed by dense black tips to the down. This pattern is absent Many thanks to all who accompanied PS in the field in adult birds, which show a more consistent pattern of during the September–October 2014 FAUNA Paraguay greyish-brown base color, more or less heavily mottled and trip, especially Jon Lehmberg for permission to use his vermiculated black and with irregular ochraceous spotting superb photo. Funding for PS for this work was partly and freckling (Smith 2014a). Laterally the dorsal pattern provided by the PRONII program of CONACYT. fades out rapidly, and the underparts are predominately whitish with buffy bases to the feathers, being especially whitish on the belly and more infiltrated by the dorsal REFERENCES pattern on the breast and foreneck. Legs are pale grey- white. The iris is pale brown. The bill is pale greyish-white Banks, R. C. 1977. A review of the Crested Tinamous (Aves: on the ramphotheca; greyer towards the base and around Tinamidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89: 529–544. the nares. Nares are laterally located. With the exception Blake, E. R. 1977. Manual of Neotropical birds, v. 1. Spheniscidae of the paler bill color, bare parts are not notably different (Penguins) to Laridae (Gulls and allies). Chicago: University of from those of the adult (Smith 2014a). Chicago Press. Short (1976) described a “half-sized” immature Brodkorb, P. 1938. A new species of Crested Tinamou from Paraguay. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, of E. formosa as closely resembling adults but “a bit 382: 1–4. duller, with a darker neck, and the inner vanes of its Capllonch, P. & Allende, R. L. 2013. Distribución de la Martineta outer primaries are barred basally, showing a tendency Chaqueña (Eudromia formosa formosa) en la región chaqueña de la toward the barred feathers of E. elegans”. The downy Argentina. Nótulas Faunísticas, Segunda Serie, 113: 1–13. chicks documented here are in fact as brightly-colored as Davies, S. J. J. F. 2002. Ratites and tinamous. Oxford: Oxford University Press. typical adults, at least on the head neck, and more boldly- Fernández, L. C.; Vidoz, J. Q. & Ayuso, J. G. 2009. Acerca de la patterned in general on the upperparts. This may indicate presencia de Eudromia formosa en Bolivia. Kempffiana, 5: 78–80. that age-related plumage changes are more complex than Navas, J. R. & Bó, N. A. 1981. New contributions to the taxonomy of is currently understood in this species, or perhaps that the geographical races of Eudromia elegans and Eudromia formosa. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 11: 33–59. individual variation in plumage characters is great. Remsen, J. V. & Traylor, M. A. 1983. Additions to the avifauna of As is typical of many tinamous when threatened Bolivia, part 2. Condor, 85: 95–98. (Sick 1993), downy Quebracho Crested-Tinamou chicks Short, L. L. 1975. A zoogeographical analysis of the South American were observed to crouch amongst vegetation with the Chaco avifauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural head resting against the ground and remain motionless. History, 154: 163–352. Short, L. L. 1976. Notes on a collection of birds from the Paraguayan Once in this posture the lateral white head stripes merged Chaco. American Museum Novitates, 2597: 1–16. with the paler mid-dorsal stripe to effectively break up the Sick, H. 1993. Birds in Brazil: a natural history. New Jersey: Princeton outline of the bird (Figure 1E). This cryptic coloration University Press. made location of the chicks difficult unless the bird was Smith, P. 2014a. Quebracho Crested-Tinamou (Eudromia formosa). In: Schulenberg, T. S. (ed.). Neotropical birds online Ithaca, Cornell observed whilst in the process of adopting this posture. Lab of Ornithology. http://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/portal/ Chicks could easily be captured by hand, but made no species/overview?p_p_spp=63316 (access on 8 January 2015). vocalizations when they were handled. No vocalizations Smith, P. 2014b. Natural history observations on the poorly- were given by the accompanying adult, which had studied Quebracho Crested Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: disappeared into nearby forest with the other chicks Tinamiformes: Tinamidae). Historia Natural, Tercera Serie, 4: 39–44. Smith, P.; Pearman, M. & Betuel, A. 2013. An unusual record of during the handling process. Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa from the dry Given the vast geographical distribution of E. Chaco of Paraguay, with comments on distribution, breeding and elegans, its numerous subspecies, and the small number vocalisations of the species. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' of available specimens of E. formosa from a restricted Club, 133: 19–23. Smithe, F. B. 1975. Naturalist's color guide. New York: American geographical area, we refrain from providing a detailed Museum of Natural History. comparison between the chicks of the two species of the genus. However, in direct comparison with chicks of Associate Editor: Gustavo S. Cabanne. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 24(4), 2016 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Ornithology Research Springer Journals

The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae)

Smith, Paul; Garrett, Kimball L.
Ornithology Research , Volume 24 (4) – Dec 1, 2016
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Copyright © Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia 2016
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Abstract

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 24(4), 335–337 SHORT-COMMUNICA ARTICLE TION December 2016 The juvenile plumage of Quebracho C rested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) 1,2,4 3 Paul Smith and Kimball L. Garrett FAUNA Paraguay, Carmen de Lara Castro, Barrio San Roque, Encarnación, Paraguay. Para La Tierra, Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, San Pedro, Paraguay. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. Corresponding author: faunaparaguay@gmail.com Received on 11 October 2015. Accepted on 27 October 2016. ABSTRACT: The first description and i mages of the chick of the range restricted Chaco endemic Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa are provided. They are essentially similar to adults, but possess a pale mid-dorsal stripe along the body. When crouching in a cryptic defensive posture, this stripe combines with the paler lateral stripes on the head and neck to effective ly break up the outline of the bird. The identity of a Eu dromia chick in the Los Angeles County museum is also confirmed as E. formosa. KEY-WORDS: Chaco, chick, Paraguay, Tinamiformes. The Chaco endemic Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Banks (1977) mentions a downy chick a few days Eudromia formosa occurs in semi-open areas adjacent old of a Eudromia species that was taken “15 km NE to dense, xerophytic, thorny forest with open or dense of Capirenda, Tarija state, SE Bolivia; Bolivian Chaco” undergrowth (Smith et al. 2013) in northwest Argentina, on 4 August 1957 by Kenneth E. Stager and Stephen western Paraguay and extreme southeastern Bolivia C. Bromley (field number 16635) and housed in the (Davies 2002, Fernández et al. 2009, Capllonch & Los Angeles County Museum. He tentatively attributed Allende 2013). Though currently treated as monotypic this specimen to Eudromia elegans intermedia, but (Blake 1977, Navas & Bó 1981, Davies 2002, Capllonch noted that it was conceivable that it may represent an & Allende 2013, Smith 2014a), the Paraguayan “extreme westward range of Eudromia formosa mira of population has previously been separated as E. f. mira the Paraguayan Chaco or a northwestward extension of (Brodkorb 1938, Short 1975, Banks 1977) on account E. f. formosa of the Argentine Chaco”. Remsen & Traylor of its supposedly browner plumage and broader, but less (1983) also suspected this chick might be E. formosa, and well-defined shaft-streaks on the upperparts. the presence of that species in this area of Bolivia was later The natural history of the species is poorly confirmed by Fernández et al. (2009). However, none of documented. Smith et al. (2013) provided data on these publications provided any description of the chick. global distribution, habitat preference, a single egg and The specimen in question is LACM 35339 (Figure 1A, vocalizations from Paraguay and Argentina, as well as B), is a male and is indeed referable to Eudromia formosa. summarizing the limited available data on breeding LACM 35339 has the following measurements, in throughout the range, and Smith (2014b) provided mm: exposed culmen (feathering to tip) = 13.3; bill from additional natural history observations on predation, anterior nares to tip = 6.7; bill depth at anterior nares = feeding and distraction display. The latest comprehensive 4.0; bill width at anterior nares = 4.1; head length (back monograph of the Tinamidae (Davies 2002) makes of skull, which is intact on the skin, to bill tip) = 34.9; no reference to the downy chick of this species and tarsus (heel joint to last undivided scale) = 18.4; wing it is apparently undescribed. In this note we provide a chord (to tips of flight feather sheaths) = 31.5; maximum description and photographs of a downy chick captured length of flight feather sheaths on right wing (no remex in the Paraguayan Chaco during September 2014 and has broken the sheath) = 11.7 from skin at tip of “hand”; a discussion of a Bolivian specimen in the Los Angeles total length of bird (skin) = 130. County Museum tentatively referred to as Eudromia The specimen closely resembles those of E. elegans of elegans intermedia, but within the known range of E. similar age (e.g., LACM 56997, an avicultural specimen; formosa (Banks 1977). Figure 1A, B), but is strongly suffused with pale Cinnamon The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eu dromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) Paul Smith and Kimball L. Garrett (Color No. 39 in Smithe 1975) on the breast, belly and but additional stripes are present (Figure 1D). Crown and flanks and wit h Mikado Brown (No. 121C; Smithe 1975) forehead are rich chestnut-brown with black flecking, on the dorsum and crest. Thin creamy-white feathers some thin blackish fi loplumes on the forehead are longer along the center of the back are loosely organized into a than the other feathers. A thin lateral crown stripe runs pale mid-dorsal stripe. Comparative specimens of chicks from the base of the bill on the forehead to the base of the of elegans are colder, near Light Drab (No. 119C; Smithe crest and fades out on the hind crown without uniting; 1975) above and very pale gray-buff below; no mid-dorsal this stripe is absent in adults. A broad white stripe runs stripe is present, although some thin whitish feathers are from above the eye and ear coverts to the hind neck and scattered along that region. The chest and sides of the neck dorsally to the mantle and a third white stripe begins are paler (less strongly patterned with dusky) in the formosa at the gape and runs under the eye and ear coverts, chick. Additionally, there is a strong white lateral crown broadening behind the ear and running down the side stripe (above but parallel to the white supercilium) at the of the neck. Though both of these stripes are present in lateral edges of the crest, and extending back to the sides the adult bird, they are more conspicuous in the chick of the hindneck in the formosa specimen; examined chicks than in adults, where they fade out more rapidly on the of elegans showed just a few thin white streaks in this area. neck (particularly so in the case of the lower stripe which An adult (presumably male) with three downy becomes less obvious shortly after the ear coverts). A chicks was observed on the southeastern border road of rhomboid shaped white loral spot in front of the eye is Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso, Departamento Boquerón not continuous with the stripe above the eye, but forms (21°08'57.6"S; 61°31'18.9"W) on 21 September 2014. a pattern with it that helps to break up the form of the One chick was captured by hand and is described below head. This is present as a barely visible paler area on the (Figure 1C). The chick was subsequently released due to lores in adult birds. The throat is conspicuously white, the lack of relevant collection permits. with scattered elongated plumes giving a slightly bearded The banded head pattern recalls that of the adult, impression. The foreneck lacks the bold sagittate markings A BB C E FIGURE 1. Eudromia formosa Specimen LACM 35339 “15 km NE of Capirenda, Tarija state, SE Bolivia; Bolivian Chaco” collected on 4 August 1957 (A, above) in direct comparison with a specimen (LACM 56997) of a chick of similar age of E. elegans of captive origin (aviary of Harold Schmidt, collected 29 November 1960) (A, below), in dorsal and ventral views. Photo: K. Garrett. Chick of Eudromia formosa, Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso, Departamento Boquerón (21°08'57.6"S; 61°31'18.9"W) on 21 September 2014 (C). Photo: J. Lehmberg. Head detail of the same chick (D). Photo: P. Smith. Dorsal pattern of same chick (E). Photo: P. Smith. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 24(4), 2016 The juvenile plumage of Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eu dromia formosa (Aves: Tinamidae) Paul Smith and Kimball L. Garrett of adults and instead shows a more diffuse pattern of pale E. elegans with a captive origin in LACM, both known buffy-white bases, indistinct scattered black spotting specimens of E. formosa were noticeably more reddish- and thin white streaking. Dorsally the chick is pale brown overall, especially on the head, neck and crest brownish with irregular but heavy black flecking typically (Figure 1A, B), a plumage difference that is consistent associated with broader white streaking that combine to with the differences observed between adult birds of these give a poorly defined, but highly cryptic dorsal pattern. two species. The exception to this is a notably paler mid-dorsal stripe which can look almost pure white at certain angles, and is ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS bordered on either side by an irregular dark stripe formed by dense black tips to the down. This pattern is absent Many thanks to all who accompanied PS in the field in adult birds, which show a more consistent pattern of during the September–October 2014 FAUNA Paraguay greyish-brown base color, more or less heavily mottled and trip, especially Jon Lehmberg for permission to use his vermiculated black and with irregular ochraceous spotting superb photo. Funding for PS for this work was partly and freckling (Smith 2014a). Laterally the dorsal pattern provided by the PRONII program of CONACYT. fades out rapidly, and the underparts are predominately whitish with buffy bases to the feathers, being especially whitish on the belly and more infiltrated by the dorsal REFERENCES pattern on the breast and foreneck. Legs are pale grey- white. The iris is pale brown. The bill is pale greyish-white Banks, R. C. 1977. A review of the Crested Tinamous (Aves: on the ramphotheca; greyer towards the base and around Tinamidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89: 529–544. the nares. Nares are laterally located. With the exception Blake, E. R. 1977. Manual of Neotropical birds, v. 1. Spheniscidae of the paler bill color, bare parts are not notably different (Penguins) to Laridae (Gulls and allies). Chicago: University of from those of the adult (Smith 2014a). Chicago Press. Short (1976) described a “half-sized” immature Brodkorb, P. 1938. A new species of Crested Tinamou from Paraguay. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, of E. formosa as closely resembling adults but “a bit 382: 1–4. duller, with a darker neck, and the inner vanes of its Capllonch, P. & Allende, R. L. 2013. Distribución de la Martineta outer primaries are barred basally, showing a tendency Chaqueña (Eudromia formosa formosa) en la región chaqueña de la toward the barred feathers of E. elegans”. The downy Argentina. Nótulas Faunísticas, Segunda Serie, 113: 1–13. chicks documented here are in fact as brightly-colored as Davies, S. J. J. F. 2002. Ratites and tinamous. Oxford: Oxford University Press. typical adults, at least on the head neck, and more boldly- Fernández, L. C.; Vidoz, J. Q. & Ayuso, J. G. 2009. Acerca de la patterned in general on the upperparts. This may indicate presencia de Eudromia formosa en Bolivia. Kempffiana, 5: 78–80. that age-related plumage changes are more complex than Navas, J. R. & Bó, N. A. 1981. New contributions to the taxonomy of is currently understood in this species, or perhaps that the geographical races of Eudromia elegans and Eudromia formosa. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 11: 33–59. individual variation in plumage characters is great. Remsen, J. V. & Traylor, M. A. 1983. Additions to the avifauna of As is typical of many tinamous when threatened Bolivia, part 2. Condor, 85: 95–98. (Sick 1993), downy Quebracho Crested-Tinamou chicks Short, L. L. 1975. A zoogeographical analysis of the South American were observed to crouch amongst vegetation with the Chaco avifauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural head resting against the ground and remain motionless. History, 154: 163–352. Short, L. L. 1976. Notes on a collection of birds from the Paraguayan Once in this posture the lateral white head stripes merged Chaco. American Museum Novitates, 2597: 1–16. with the paler mid-dorsal stripe to effectively break up the Sick, H. 1993. Birds in Brazil: a natural history. New Jersey: Princeton outline of the bird (Figure 1E). This cryptic coloration University Press. made location of the chicks difficult unless the bird was Smith, P. 2014a. Quebracho Crested-Tinamou (Eudromia formosa). In: Schulenberg, T. S. (ed.). Neotropical birds online Ithaca, Cornell observed whilst in the process of adopting this posture. Lab of Ornithology. http://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/portal/ Chicks could easily be captured by hand, but made no species/overview?p_p_spp=63316 (access on 8 January 2015). vocalizations when they were handled. No vocalizations Smith, P. 2014b. Natural history observations on the poorly- were given by the accompanying adult, which had studied Quebracho Crested Tinamou Eudromia formosa (Aves: disappeared into nearby forest with the other chicks Tinamiformes: Tinamidae). Historia Natural, Tercera Serie, 4: 39–44. Smith, P.; Pearman, M. & Betuel, A. 2013. An unusual record of during the handling process. Quebracho Crested-Tinamou Eudromia formosa from the dry Given the vast geographical distribution of E. Chaco of Paraguay, with comments on distribution, breeding and elegans, its numerous subspecies, and the small number vocalisations of the species. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' of available specimens of E. formosa from a restricted Club, 133: 19–23. Smithe, F. B. 1975. Naturalist's color guide. New York: American geographical area, we refrain from providing a detailed Museum of Natural History. comparison between the chicks of the two species of the genus. However, in direct comparison with chicks of Associate Editor: Gustavo S. Cabanne. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 24(4), 2016

Journal

Ornithology Research – Springer Journals

Published: Dec 1, 2016

Keywords: Chaco; chick; Paraguay; Tinamiformes

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