Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
MM Traynor GM Lovett (2000)
Atmospheric deposition to oak forests along an urban rural gradientEnviron Sci Technol, 34
JS Ingram (1998)
Tropical soil biology and fertility: a handbook of methods
MD Swaine (1981)
Distribution and ecology of vascular plants in a tropical rain forest: Forest vegetation in Ghana: W
SR Herwitz DF Levia (2000)
Physical properties of water in relation to stemflow leachate dynamics: implications for nutrient cyclingCan J For Res, 30
Schroth G (2003)
Decomposition and nutrient supply from biomass.Schroth G
W Zech M Schrumpf (2006)
TOC, TON, TOS and TOP in rainfall, throughfall, litter percolate and soil solution of a montane rainforest succession at Mt. Kilimanjaro, TanzaniaBiogeochemistry, 78
W Bouten CT Marin (2000)
Gross rainfall and its partitioning into throughfall, stemflow and evaporation of intercepted water in four forest ecosystems in western AmazoniaJ Hydrol, 237
BJ Bond TG Pypker (2005)
The importance of canopy structure in controlling the interception loss of rainfall: examples from a young and an old-growth Douglas-fir forestAgric For Meteorol, 130
H Untersteiner TW Berger (2008)
Throughfall fluxes in a secondary spruce (Picea abies), a beech (Fagus sylvatica) and a mixed spruce–beech standFor J Ecol Manag, 225
DF Levia SR Herwitz (1997)
Mid-winter stemflow drainage from bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) in central MassachusettsHydrol Process, 11
EA Kirkby (1996)
Principles of plant nutrition
J Mackensen (2005)
The hydrological and soil impacts of forestation in the tropics
N Oshiro M Chiwa (2003)
Dry deposition wash-off and dew on the surfaces of pine foliage on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji, western JapanAtm Environ, 37
HW Fassbender AC Imbach (1989)
Modelling agroforestry systems of cacao (Theobroma cacao) with laurel (Cordia ailiodora) and cacao with poro (Erythrina poeppigiana) in Costa Rica IV: water balances, nutrient inputs and leachingAgrofor Syst, 8
EE Frost DF Levia (2003)
A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of forested and agricultural ecosystemsJ Hydrol, 274
JS Opakunle (1991)
Biomass of a mature cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) stand in NigeriaTrop Ecol, 32
L Ferreira da Silva G Schroth (1999)
Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi-strata agroforestry, perennial monoculture, fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia, BrazilHydrol Process, 13
EB Frimpong (2005)
Vulnerability and adaptation assessment under the Netherlands climate change studies assistance programme phase 2 (NCCSAP 2)
JED Fox W Liu (2002)
Nutrient fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in montane subtropical moist forest on Ailao Mountains in Yunnan, southwest ChinaJ Trop Ecol, 18
EO Ndakara (2012)
Throughfall, stemflow and litterfall nutrient flux in isolated stands of Persea gratissima in a moist tropical rainforest region, Southern NigeriaJ Phys Environ Sci Res, 1
S Hattori A Deguchi (2006)
The influence of seasonal changes in canopy structure on interception loss: application of the revised Gash modelJ Hydrol, 319
E Matzner SC Chang (2000)
The effect of beech stemflow on spatial patterns of soil solution chemistry and seepage fluxes in a mixed oak–beech standHydrol Process, 14
AD Abrahams M Neave (2002)
Vegetation influences on water yields from grassland and shrubland ecosystems in the Chihuahuan DesertEarth Surf Process, 27
citation_title=Fertilizer use by crop in Ghana land and plant nutrition management service land and water development division, citation_publication_date= (2005)
Fertilizer use by crop in Ghana land and plant nutrition management service land and water development division
W Wilcke K Fleischbein (2005)
Rainfall interception in a lower mountain forest in Ecuador: effects of canopy propertiesHydrol Process, 19
AM Gordon ME Isaac (2005)
Temporal changes in soil carbon and nitrogen in West African multistrata agroforestry systems: a chronosequence of pools and fluxesAgrofor Syst, 65
A Avila A Rodrigo (2003)
The chemistry of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in two holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forests under a contrasted pollution environment in NE SpainSci Total Environ, 305
W Hong HB Fan (2001)
Estimation of dry deposition and canopy exchange in Chinese fir plantationsFor Ecol Manage, 147
J Ranger JP Laclau (2003)
Nutrient cycling in a clonal stand of Eucalyptus and an adjacent savanna ecosystem in Congo: 1. Chemical composition of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow solutionsFor Ecol Manag, 176
DM Newberry GB Chuyong (2004)
Rainfall input, throughfall and stemflow of nutrients in a Central African rainforest dominated by ectomycorrhizal treesBiogeochemistry, 67
AD Schrijver J Staelens (2008)
Rainfall partitioning into throughfall, stemflow, and interception within a single beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) canopy: influence of foliation, rain event characteristics, and meteorologyHydrol Process, 22
O Ogunyemi GC Ufoegbune (2010)
Variation of interception loss with different plant species at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, NigeriaAfrican J Environ Sci Technol, 4
JM Roberts M Herbst (2007)
Edge effects and forest water use: a field study in a mixed deciduous woodlandFor Ecol Manag, 250
TDA Sa D Hölscher (1998)
Rainfall partitioning and related hydro-chemical fluxes in a diverse and in a mono-specific (Phenakospermum guyannense) secondary vegetation stand in Eastern AmazoniaOecologia, 114
Asenso-Okyere K Barrientos S (2007)
Mapping sustainable production in Ghanaian cocoa
J Lehmann MS Johnson (2006)
Double-funneling of trees: Stemflow and root-induced preferential flowEcoscience, 13
JL Cameron A Park (2008)
The influence of canopy traits on throughfall and stemflow in five tropical trees growing in a Panamanian plantationFor Ecol Manag, 255
JO Awomeso AA Amori (2012)
Spatial variation of throughfall in two tree plantations in AbeokutaSouth-West Niger Int J Ecosyst, 2
A Oakhumen J Muoghalu (2000)
Nutrient content of incident rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in a Nigerian secondary lowland rainforestAppl Veg Sci, 3
GG Parker (1983)
Throughfall and stemflow in the forest nutrient cycleAdv Ecol Res, 13
M Brilly M Sraj (2008)
Rainfall interception by two deciduous Mediterranean forests of contrasting stature in SloveniaAgric For Meteorol, 148
S Herwitz (1986)
Infiltration-excess caused by stemflow in a cyclone-prone tropical rainforestEarth Surf Process and Landf, 11
Analytical Software (2000)
Statistix 8
SY Cham Y Zulkifli (2003)
Throughfall, stemflow and interception loss of old rubber treesJ Kejuruteraam Awam, 15
L Usharani A Gupta (2009)
Rainfall partitioning in a tropical forest of Manipur, North East IndiaTrop Ecol, 50
JK Syers WF Sheldrick (2003)
Soil nutrient audits for China to estimate nutrient balances and output/input relationshipsAgric Ecosyst Environ, 94
EE Frost DF Levia (2006)
Variability of throughfall volume and solute inputs in wooded ecosystemsProg Phys Geog, 30
citation_title=Soil Map of the World, citation_publication_date= (1990)
Soil Map of the World
DF Levia (2002)
Nitrate sequestration by corticolous macrolichens during winter precipitation eventsInt J Biometeor, 46
Dawoe EK (2009)
Conversion of natural forest to cocoa Agroforest in lowland humid Ghana: impact on plant biomass production, organic carbon and nutrient dynamics
ED John W Liu (2003)
Nutrient budget of a montane evergreen broad-leaved forest at Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, southwest ChinaHydrol Process, 17
PG Jarvis C Asdak (1998)
Rainfall interception loss in unlogged and logged forest areas of Central Kalimantan, IndonesiaJ Hydrol, 206
W Wilcke J Lilienfein (2004)
Water and element input into native, agri- and silvicultural ecosystems of the Brazilian savannaBiogeochemistry, 67
DE Carlyle-Moses (2004)
Throughfall, stemflow, and canopy interception loss fluxes in a semi-arid Sierra Madre Oriental matorral communityJ Arid Environ, 58
DP Richardson RH Crockford (2000)
Partitioning of rainfall into throughfall, stemflow and interception: effect of forest type, ground cover and climateHydrol Process, 14
RR Valle JO Leite (1990)
Nutrient cycling in the cacao ecosystem: rain and throughfall as nutrient sources for the soil and the cacao treeAgric Ecosyst Environ, 32
T Ohta T Toba (2005)
An observational study of the factors that influence interception loss in boreal and temperate forestsJ Hydrol, 313
JS Opakunle (1989)
Nutrient distribution and cycling in a Theobroma cacao L. agroecosystem in Southwestern NigeriaActa Oecol Oecol Plant, 25
J Ranger R Marques (1997)
Nutrient dynamics in a chrono-sequence of douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands on the Beaujolais Mounts (France). 1: qualitative approachFor Ecol Manag, 91
D Holscher J Dietz (2006)
Rainfall partitioning in relation to forest structure in differently managed montane forest stands in Central Sulawesi, IndonesiaFor Ecol Manag, 237
A Iroume A Huber (2001)
Variability of annual rainfall partitioning for different sites and forest covers in ChileJ Hydrol, 248
MR Williams S Filoso (1999)
Composition and deposition of throughfall in a flooded forest archipelago (Negro River, Brazil)Biogeochemistry, 45
NA Jackson (2000)
Measured and modeled rainfall interception loss from an agroforestry system in KenyaAgric For Meteorol, 100
J Proctor (1987)
Nutrient cycling in primary and old secondary rainforestsAppl Geogr, 7
C Neal MC Forti (1992)
Hydro-chemical cycles in tropical rainforests: an overview with emphasis on Central AmazoniaJ Hydrol, 134
S Rambal J-M Limousin (2008)
Modelling rainfall interception in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex ecosystem: lesson from a throughfall exclusion experimentJ Hydrol, 357
J Mathieu F André (2008)
Spatial and temporal pattern of throughfall chemistry within a temperate mixed oak-beech standSci Total Environ, 397
A Fares A Mair (2010)
Throughfall characteristics in three nonnative Hawaiian forest standAgric For Meteorol, 150
P Attarod MT Ahmadi (2009)
Partitioning rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in an oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest during the growing seasonTurk J Agric For, 33
EG McPherson Q Xiao (2000)
Winter rainfall interception by two mature open-grown trees in Davis, CaliforniaHydrol Process, 14
AP Dykes (1997)
Rainfall interception from a lowland tropical rainforest in BruneiJ Hydrol, 200
H Elsenbeer S Germer (2006)
Throughfall and temporal trends of rainfall redistribution in an open tropical rainforest, south-western Amazonia (Rondonia, Brazil)Hydrol Earth Syst Sci, 10
Abstract Land-use change from forest to cocoa agroforestry and other tree-based farming systems alters the structure of forest stands and influences the magnitude of canopy water fluxes and subsequent bio-element inputs to the forest floor. The partitioning of incident rainfall (IR) into throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF) and canopy interception loss (ILC) and their associated nutrient element concentrations and fluxes was examined along a replicated chrono-sequence: forest, 3, 15 and 30-year-old smallholder shaded-cocoa systems in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Mean annual precipitation during the 2-year observational period (2007 and 2008) was 1376.2 ± 93.8 mm. TF contributed between 76.5–90.4%, and SF between 1.4–1.7% of the annual IR to the forest floor. There were significant differences in IR, TF and SF chemistry. While TF and SF were enriched in phosphorus (1.33–5.67-fold), potassium (1.1–5.69 fold), calcium (1.35–2.65 fold) and magnesium (1.4–2.68 fold) relative to IR, total N (NH4 ++NO3 −) declined (0.5–0.91) of IR values in TF and SF in forest and shaded cocoa systems. Incident rainfall was significantly more acidic than TF and SF in both forest and shaded-cocoa systems. Mean annual total N, P, K, Ca and Mg inputs to the forest floor through IR were 5.7, 0.14, 13.6, 9.43 and 5.6 kg ha−1year−1 respectively. Though an important source of available nutrients for plant growth, incident rainfall provides only a small percentage of the annual nutrient requirements. With declining soil fertility and pervasive low cocoa yields, possible effects of the reported nutrient fluxes on nutrient budgets in cocoa systems merit further investigation. Against the background of increased TF and decreased ILC following forest conversion to shaded-cocoa, it is also recommended that more studies be carried out on rainfall partitioning and its impact on ground water recharge as a way of establishing its influence on the availability of moisture for agriculture in these systems.
Agroforestry Systems – Springer Journals
Published: Apr 1, 2018
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.