# Solitonic metrics and harmonic maps

Solitonic metrics and harmonic maps We investigate the relationship between solitonic metrics $$g_u = - (\sin ^2 \frac{u}{2}) c^2 d t^2 + (\cos ^2 \frac{u}{2}) \sum _{i=1}^n (d x^i )^2$$ g u = - ( sin 2 u 2 ) c 2 d t 2 + ( cos 2 u 2 ) ∑ i = 1 n ( d x i ) 2 with $$u \in C^\infty ({{\mathbb {R}}}^{n+1})$$ u ∈ C ∞ ( R n + 1 ) and stationary points of the functional $$E_\Omega (\Phi ) = \frac{1}{2} \int _\Omega \Vert d \Phi \Vert ^2 d^{n+1} \mathbf{x}$$ E Ω ( Φ ) = 1 2 ∫ Ω ‖ d Φ ‖ 2 d n + 1 x with $$\Phi \in C^\infty ({{\mathbb {R}}}^{n+1}, S^2 )$$ Φ ∈ C ∞ ( R n + 1 , S 2 ) . Building on work by F.L. Williams (cf. Williams, in: Milton (ed) Quantum field theory under the influence of external conditions, Rinton Press, Princeton, pp 370–372, 2004; in: 4th international winter conference on mathematical methods in physics, Rio de Janeiro, http://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/013/003/wc2004_003.pdf , 2004; in: Chen (ed) Trends in soliton research, Nova Science Publications, Hauppauge, pp 1–14, 2006; in: Maraver, Kevrekidis, Williams (eds) The sine-gordon modeland its applications, Springer, Berlin, pp 177–205, 2014) we show that a map $$\Phi = (\cos \beta \sin \frac{u}{2}, \sin \beta \sin \frac{u}{2}, \cos \frac{u}{2} )$$ Φ = ( cos β sin u 2 , sin β sin u 2 , cos u 2 ) with $$\beta (\mathbf{x}, t) = m \big ( 1 + | \mathbf{v} |^2 \big )^{-1/2} (t + \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{x})$$ β ( x , t ) = m ( 1 + | v | 2 ) - 1 / 2 ( t + v · x ) is harmonic if and only if $$u_{tt} + \Delta u = m^2 \sin u$$ u tt + Δ u = m 2 sin u (the sine-Gordon equation) and $$u_t + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla u = 0$$ u t + v · ∇ u = 0 (the convection equation). In the spirit of work by B. Solomon (cf. Solomon in J Differ Geom 21:151–162, 1985) we build a 1-parameter variation of $$\Phi$$ Φ which singles out [from the full Euler–Lagrange system of the variational principle $$\delta E_\Omega (\Phi ) = 0$$ δ E Ω ( Φ ) = 0 ] the convection equation. Williams’ harmonic maps $$\Phi ^\pm = (1 + v^2 )^{-1/2} (\tau \cos \beta , \tau \sin \beta , \pm (1 + v^2 )^{1/2}\tanh \rho )$$ Φ ± = ( 1 + v 2 ) - 1 / 2 ( τ cos β , τ sin β , ± ( 1 + v 2 ) 1 / 2 tanh ρ ) are shown to be harmonic morphisms of dilation $$\lambda = m(1 + v^2 )^{-1/2}\tau$$ λ = m ( 1 + v 2 ) - 1 / 2 τ , further explaining the relationship between Jackiw–Teitelboim 2-dimensional dilation-gravity theory (cf. Jackiw, in: Christensen (ed) Quantum theory of gravity, MIT, Cambridge, pp 403–420, 1982; Teitelboim, in: Christensen (ed) Quantum theory of gravity, Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol, pp 403–420, 1984) and harmonic map theory (cf. Baird and Wood Harmonic morphisms between Riemannian manifolds, London mathematical society monographs, new series, 29, The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-850362-8, 2003). We show that geodesic motion in a weak solitonic gravitational field $$g_{u_\epsilon }$$ g u ϵ [ $$u_\epsilon = u_0 + 2 \epsilon \rho$$ u ϵ = u 0 + 2 ϵ ρ with $$\rho \in C^\infty ({{\mathbb {R}}}^{n+1})$$ ρ ∈ C ∞ ( R n + 1 ) bounded and $$\epsilon<< 1$$ ϵ < < 1 ] in the Newtonian velocity limit ( $$\Vert \mathbf{u}\Vert /c<< 1$$ ‖ u ‖ / c < < 1 ) obeys to the law of motion $$d^2 \mathbf{r}/d t^2 = - \nabla \phi$$ d 2 r / d t 2 = - ∇ ϕ in a central force field of potential $$\phi \equiv \epsilon c^2 \tan \frac{u_0}{2} \, \rho$$ ϕ ≡ ϵ c 2 tan u 0 2 ρ . To justify the use of geodesic equations as equations of motion we address a relativistic mechanics problem i.e. the rotation of a disc in a solitonic gravitational field and exhibit a class of metrics $$g_u$$ g u one of whose geodesic equations yields a relativistic generalization $$d^2 r/d s^2 = (r w^2 )/c^2$$ d 2 r / d s 2 = ( r w 2 ) / c 2 of centrifugal accelerations in classical mechanics. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Analysis and Mathematical Physics Springer Journals

# Solitonic metrics and harmonic maps

, Volume 9 (4) – Nov 27, 2018
35 pages

/lp/springer-journals/solitonic-metrics-and-harmonic-maps-aSSTNsrF6a
Publisher
Springer Journals
Subject
Mathematics; Analysis; Mathematical Methods in Physics
ISSN
1664-2368
eISSN
1664-235X
DOI
10.1007/s13324-018-0269-x
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

### Abstract

We investigate the relationship between solitonic metrics $$g_u = - (\sin ^2 \frac{u}{2}) c^2 d t^2 + (\cos ^2 \frac{u}{2}) \sum _{i=1}^n (d x^i )^2$$ g u = - ( sin 2 u 2 ) c 2 d t 2 + ( cos 2 u 2 ) ∑ i = 1 n ( d x i ) 2 with $$u \in C^\infty ({{\mathbb {R}}}^{n+1})$$ u ∈ C ∞ ( R n + 1 ) and stationary points of the functional $$E_\Omega (\Phi ) = \frac{1}{2} \int _\Omega \Vert d \Phi \Vert ^2 d^{n+1} \mathbf{x}$$ E Ω ( Φ ) = 1 2 ∫ Ω ‖ d Φ ‖ 2 d n + 1 x with $$\Phi \in C^\infty ({{\mathbb {R}}}^{n+1}, S^2 )$$ Φ ∈ C ∞ ( R n + 1 , S 2 ) . Building on work by F.L. Williams (cf. Williams, in: Milton (ed) Quantum field theory under the influence of external conditions, Rinton Press, Princeton, pp 370–372, 2004; in: 4th international winter conference on mathematical methods in physics, Rio de Janeiro, http://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/013/003/wc2004_003.pdf , 2004; in: Chen (ed) Trends in soliton research, Nova Science Publications, Hauppauge, pp 1–14, 2006; in: Maraver, Kevrekidis, Williams (eds) The sine-gordon modeland its applications, Springer, Berlin, pp 177–205, 2014) we show that a map $$\Phi = (\cos \beta \sin \frac{u}{2}, \sin \beta \sin \frac{u}{2}, \cos \frac{u}{2} )$$ Φ = ( cos β sin u 2 , sin β sin u 2 , cos u 2 ) with $$\beta (\mathbf{x}, t) = m \big ( 1 + | \mathbf{v} |^2 \big )^{-1/2} (t + \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{x})$$ β ( x , t ) = m ( 1 + | v | 2 ) - 1 / 2 ( t + v · x ) is harmonic if and only if $$u_{tt} + \Delta u = m^2 \sin u$$ u tt + Δ u = m 2 sin u (the sine-Gordon equation) and $$u_t + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla u = 0$$ u t + v · ∇ u = 0 (the convection equation). In the spirit of work by B. Solomon (cf. Solomon in J Differ Geom 21:151–162, 1985) we build a 1-parameter variation of $$\Phi$$ Φ which singles out [from the full Euler–Lagrange system of the variational principle $$\delta E_\Omega (\Phi ) = 0$$ δ E Ω ( Φ ) = 0 ] the convection equation. Williams’ harmonic maps $$\Phi ^\pm = (1 + v^2 )^{-1/2} (\tau \cos \beta , \tau \sin \beta , \pm (1 + v^2 )^{1/2}\tanh \rho )$$ Φ ± = ( 1 + v 2 ) - 1 / 2 ( τ cos β , τ sin β , ± ( 1 + v 2 ) 1 / 2 tanh ρ ) are shown to be harmonic morphisms of dilation $$\lambda = m(1 + v^2 )^{-1/2}\tau$$ λ = m ( 1 + v 2 ) - 1 / 2 τ , further explaining the relationship between Jackiw–Teitelboim 2-dimensional dilation-gravity theory (cf. Jackiw, in: Christensen (ed) Quantum theory of gravity, MIT, Cambridge, pp 403–420, 1982; Teitelboim, in: Christensen (ed) Quantum theory of gravity, Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol, pp 403–420, 1984) and harmonic map theory (cf. Baird and Wood Harmonic morphisms between Riemannian manifolds, London mathematical society monographs, new series, 29, The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ISBN 0-19-850362-8, 2003). We show that geodesic motion in a weak solitonic gravitational field $$g_{u_\epsilon }$$ g u ϵ [ $$u_\epsilon = u_0 + 2 \epsilon \rho$$ u ϵ = u 0 + 2 ϵ ρ with $$\rho \in C^\infty ({{\mathbb {R}}}^{n+1})$$ ρ ∈ C ∞ ( R n + 1 ) bounded and $$\epsilon<< 1$$ ϵ < < 1 ] in the Newtonian velocity limit ( $$\Vert \mathbf{u}\Vert /c<< 1$$ ‖ u ‖ / c < < 1 ) obeys to the law of motion $$d^2 \mathbf{r}/d t^2 = - \nabla \phi$$ d 2 r / d t 2 = - ∇ ϕ in a central force field of potential $$\phi \equiv \epsilon c^2 \tan \frac{u_0}{2} \, \rho$$ ϕ ≡ ϵ c 2 tan u 0 2 ρ . To justify the use of geodesic equations as equations of motion we address a relativistic mechanics problem i.e. the rotation of a disc in a solitonic gravitational field and exhibit a class of metrics $$g_u$$ g u one of whose geodesic equations yields a relativistic generalization $$d^2 r/d s^2 = (r w^2 )/c^2$$ d 2 r / d s 2 = ( r w 2 ) / c 2 of centrifugal accelerations in classical mechanics.

### Journal

Analysis and Mathematical PhysicsSpringer Journals

Published: Nov 27, 2018

### References

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