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Soil Microbial Communities of Eastern Antarctica

Soil Microbial Communities of Eastern Antarctica Investigation of microbial communities of Antarctica soils is a very important field of research that expands our knowledge of microbial participation in primary soil formation and specific features of their communities in extreme habitats, and it is of considerable interest in directed search of for microorganisms as potential biotechnological objects. The results of long-term (2012–2017) complex studies on soil microbial communities of the Russian East Antarctica polar stations at Shirmakher oasis (Novolazarevskaya station), the Larsemann Hills (Progress station), and the Tala Hills (Molodezhnaya station) are presented in this review. The assessment of biomass of soil microorganisms by the methods of direct microscopy has been carried out for the first time for this region. The general amount of microbial biomass is small; the fungi dominate (77–99%). The unique features of Antarctic soils are the high content and morphological diversity of small forms of microorganisms: fungi are presented by mainly single-celled structures (small spores and yeasts), while bacteria by ultrafine (filtering) forms. At the same time, microorganisms can significantly contribute to such important ecological functions of soil as the emission of greenhouse gases, especially during the warm season with the stable positive temperatures of the soil. This should be considered during creation of models and forecasts of global warming. The use of various isolation techniques for the analysis of the soil microbial population, together with the succession approach, significantly expand the information about taxonomic diversity of cultivated fungi and bacteria in Antarctica soils. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Moscow University Biological Sciences Bulletin Springer Journals

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References (56)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by Allerton Press, Inc.
Subject
Life Sciences; Biochemistry, general; Cell Biology; Life Sciences, general; Plant Sciences; Zoology
ISSN
0096-3925
eISSN
1934-791X
DOI
10.3103/S0096392518030124
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Investigation of microbial communities of Antarctica soils is a very important field of research that expands our knowledge of microbial participation in primary soil formation and specific features of their communities in extreme habitats, and it is of considerable interest in directed search of for microorganisms as potential biotechnological objects. The results of long-term (2012–2017) complex studies on soil microbial communities of the Russian East Antarctica polar stations at Shirmakher oasis (Novolazarevskaya station), the Larsemann Hills (Progress station), and the Tala Hills (Molodezhnaya station) are presented in this review. The assessment of biomass of soil microorganisms by the methods of direct microscopy has been carried out for the first time for this region. The general amount of microbial biomass is small; the fungi dominate (77–99%). The unique features of Antarctic soils are the high content and morphological diversity of small forms of microorganisms: fungi are presented by mainly single-celled structures (small spores and yeasts), while bacteria by ultrafine (filtering) forms. At the same time, microorganisms can significantly contribute to such important ecological functions of soil as the emission of greenhouse gases, especially during the warm season with the stable positive temperatures of the soil. This should be considered during creation of models and forecasts of global warming. The use of various isolation techniques for the analysis of the soil microbial population, together with the succession approach, significantly expand the information about taxonomic diversity of cultivated fungi and bacteria in Antarctica soils.

Journal

Moscow University Biological Sciences BulletinSpringer Journals

Published: Oct 1, 2018

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