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The mineral admixtures from various agricultural and Industrial by-products are incorporated in cementitious system as pozzolans to reduce the clinker contents in the mix. These pozzolans admixed in the proposed mix plays a vital role in sustainability and serviceability of the structure by reducing the voids volume. Mineral admixtures from various sources exhibits various size, shape and texture which paves the way for specific approach of admixing it in the cementitious system called particle packing density (PPD). This PPD is based on the particle size and its distribution of each component in cementitious system which governs the fresh and hardened properties of the mix. Moreover, the optimal dosage of these pozzolans imparts the maximum packing density and the corresponding packing effect densifies the three-phase cementitious system with optimum water to binder ratio. The main outcome of this work is to govern how the particles in the system packs, to formulate the algorithms on voids distribution and to calculate the packing density, to govern how the packing density alters the engineering properties of the cementitious system. The optimization of concrete mixes through particle packing approach assists in reducing the clinker composition up to 50% which in turn also reduces the CO2 emission by 25%. It also elaborates the experimental and numerical modelling along with its applications on PPD proposed by various researchers to achieve the optimum degree of compaction.
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation – Springer Journals
Published: Jun 1, 2023
Keywords: Sustainability; Cement; Supplementary cementitious materials; Particle packing density; Mix optimization; Void reduction; Service life
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