Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
P. Patil, N. Haram, R. Pal, N. Periasamy, P. Wadgaonkar, M. Salunkhe (2012)
Synthesis, spectroscopy, and electrochemical investigation of new conjugated polymers containing thiophene and 1,3,4-thiadiazole in the main chainJournal of Applied Polymer Science, 125
E. Sheina, Jinsong Liu, M. Iovu, D. Laird, R. Mccullough (2004)
Chain Growth Mechanism for Regioregular Nickel-Initiated Cross-Coupling PolymerizationsMacromolecules, 37
R. Mccullough, Renae Lowe, Manikandan Jayaraman, D. Anderson (1993)
Design, synthesis, and control of conducting polymer architectures: structurally homogeneous poly(3-alkylthiophenes)Journal of Organic Chemistry, 58
Yen‐Ju Cheng, Sheng-Hsiung Yang, Chain‐Shu Hsu (2009)
Synthesis of conjugated polymers for organic solar cell applications.Chemical reviews, 109 11
Kaoru Ohshimizu, M. Ueda (2008)
Well-Controlled Synthesis of Block CopolythiophenesMacromolecules, 41
Youngkyoo Kim, S. Cook, S. Tuladhar, S. Choulis, J. Nelson, J. Durrant, D. Bradley, Mark Giles, I. McCulloch, C. Ha, M. Ree (2006)
A strong regioregularity effect in self-organizing conjugated polymer films and high-efficiency polythiophene:fullerene solar cellsNature Materials, 5
Fanny Richard, C. Brochon, N. Leclerc, Doreen Eckhardt, T. Heiser, G. Hadziioannou (2008)
Design of a Linear Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)/Fullerene‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Rod‐Coil Block CopolymerMacromolecular Rapid Communications, 29
C. Yu C. A. Di
C. A. Di, C. Yu, Y. Q. Liu, and D. B. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, 14083 (200).
Minoru Kobayashi, Yotaro Matsumoto, M. Uchiyama, T. Ohwada (2004)
A New Chemoselective Anionic Polymerization Method for Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) in Aqueous Media: Design and Application of Bulky Zincate Possessing Little BasicityMacromolecules, 37
M. Hempenius, B.M.W. Langeveld-Voss, J. Haare, R. Janssen, S. Sheiko, J. Spatz, M. Möller, E. Meijer (1998)
A polystyrene-oligothiophene-polystyrene triblock copolymerJournal of the American Chemical Society, 120
R F Service (2011)
10.1126/science.332.6027.293Science, 332
Chad Amb, Song Chen, K. Graham, Jegadesan Subbiah, Cephas Small, F. So, J. Reynolds (2011)
Dithienogermole as a fused electron donor in bulk heterojunction solar cells.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133 26
Satoru Amou, Osamu Haba, Kaori Shirato, T. Hayakawa, M. Ueda, K. Takeuchi, M. Asai (1999)
Head‐to‐tail regioregularity of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) in oxidative coupling polymerization with FeCl3Journal of Polymer Science Part A, 37
M. Scharber, D. Mühlbacher, M. Koppe, P. Denk, C. Waldauf, A. Heeger, C. Brabec (2006)
Design Rules for Donors in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells—Towards 10 % Energy‐Conversion EfficiencyAdvanced Materials, 18
In Complex Macromolecular Architecture T. Higashihara and M. Ueda (2011)
T. Higashihara and M. Ueda, In Complex Macromolecular Architecture, N. Hadhichristids, A. Hirao, Y. Tezuka, and F. D. Prez, Eds. John Wiley & Sons (Asia), Pte Ltd., Singapore, 2011.Complex Macromolecular Architecture
Yi-Cang Lai, Tomoya Higashihara, Jung-Ching Hsu, M. Ueda, Wen‐Chang Chen (2012)
Enhancement of power conversion efficiency and long-term stability of P3HT/PCBM solar cells using C60 derivatives with thiophene units as surfactantsSolar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 97
J. Peet, A. Heeger, G. Bazan (2009)
"Plastic" solar cells: self-assembly of bulk heterojunction nanomaterials by spontaneous phase separation.Accounts of chemical research, 42 11
Tian-an Chen, Xiaoming Wu, R. Rieke (1995)
Regiocontrolled Synthesis of Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Mediated by Rieke Zinc: Their Characterization and Solid-State PropertiesJournal of the American Chemical Society, 117
I. Botiz, S. Darling (2009)
Self-Assembly of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-polylactide Block Copolymer and Subsequent Incorporation of Electron Acceptor MaterialMacromolecules, 42
Jae‐Suk Lee, A. Hirao, S. Nakahama (1988)
Polymerization of monomers containing functional silyl groups. 5. Synthesis of new porous membranes with functional groupsMacromolecules, 21
Jea-Uk Lee, A. Çırpan, T. Emrick, T. Russell, W. Jo (2009)
Synthesis and photophysical property of well-defined donor–acceptor diblock copolymer based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullereneJournal of Materials Chemistry, 19
Shunsuke Tamba, Keisuke Shono, A. Sugie, A. Mori (2011)
C-H functionalization polycondensation of chlorothiophenes in the presence of nickel catalyst with stoichiometric or catalytically generated magnesium amide.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133 25
Tomoya Higashihara, M. Ueda (2009)
Living Anionic Polymerization of 4-Vinyltriphenylamine for Synthesis of Novel Block Copolymers Containing Low-Polydisperse Poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) and Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) SegmentsMacromolecules, 42
Gang Li, Vishal Shrotriya, Jinsong Huang, Yan Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, Yang Yang (2005)
High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blendsNature Materials, 4
Shunsuke Tamba, Shota Tanaka, Youhei Okubo, H. Meguro, Shu Okamoto, A. Mori (2011)
Nickel-catalyzed Dehydrobrominative Polycondensation for the Practical Preparation of Regioregular Poly(3-substituted thiophene)sChemistry Letters, 40
Maojie Zhang, Xia Guo, Xiaochen Wang, Haiqiao Wang, Yongfang Li (2011)
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of D–A Copolymers Based on Alkyl-Substituted Indacenodithiophene Donor UnitChemistry of Materials, 23
Tomoya Higashihara, Hung‐Chin Wu, Tetsunari Mizobe, Chien Lu, M. Ueda, Wen‐Chang Chen (2012)
Synthesis of Thiophene-Based π-Conjugated Polymers Containing Oxadiazole or Thiadiazole Moieties and Their Application to Organic PhotovoltaicsMacromolecules, 45
Jianhui Hou, Zhan’ao Tan, Yong Yan, Youjun He, Chunhe Yang, Yongfang Li (2006)
Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of two-dimensional conjugated polythiophenes with bi(thienylenevinylene) side chains.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128 14
J. Zou, S. Khondaker, Q. Huo, L. Zhai (2009)
A General Strategy to Disperse and Functionalize Carbon Nanotubes Using Conjugated Block CopolymersAdvanced Functional Materials, 19
M. Sommer, A. Lang, M. Thelakkat (2008)
Crystalline-crystalline donor-acceptor block copolymers.Angewandte Chemie, 47 41
C. Craley, Rui Zhang, T. Kowalewski, R. Mccullough, M. Stefan (2009)
Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in a Novel Conducting Amphiphilic Block Copolymer.Macromolecular rapid communications, 30 1
T. Yokozawa, I. Adachi, Ryo Miyakoshi, A. Yokoyama (2007)
Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Polythiophene with Hydrophilic Side Chain and of Diblock Copolythiophene with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Side ChainsHigh Performance Polymers, 19
Junwu Chen, Yong Cao (2009)
Development of novel conjugated donor polymers for high-efficiency bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices.Accounts of chemical research, 42 11
Jinsong Liu, E. Sheina, T. Kowalewski, R. Mccullough (2002)
Tuning the electrical conductivity and self-assembly of regioregular polythiophene by block copolymerization: nanowire morphologies in new di- and triblock copolymers.Angewandte Chemie, 41 2
D. Mühlbacher, M. Scharber, M. Morana, Zhengguo Zhu, D. Waller, R. Gaudiana, C. Brabec (2006)
High Photovoltaic Performance of a Low‐Bandgap PolymerAdvanced Materials, 18
A. Takahashi, Yecheol Rho, Tomoya Higashihara, Byungcheol Ahn, M. Ree, M. Ueda (2010)
Preparation of Nanoporous Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films Based on a Template System of Block Copolymers via Ionic InteractionMacromolecules, 43
M. Jeffries‐EL, G. Sauvé, R. Mccullough (2004)
In‐Situ End‐Group Functionalization of Regioregular Poly(3‐alkylthiophene) Using the Grignard Metathesis Polymerization MethodAdvanced Materials, 16
M. Iovu, E. Sheina, R. Gil, R. Mccullough (2005)
Experimental evidence for the quasi-living nature of the grignard metathesis method for the synthesis of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes)Macromolecules, 38
Tomoya Higashihara, Kaoru Ohshimizu, A. Hirao, M. Ueda (2008)
Facile Synthesis of ABA Triblock Copolymer Containing Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Polystyrene Segments via Linking Reaction of Poly(styryl)lithiumMacromolecules, 41
Jung-Hsun Tsai, Yi-Cang Lai, Tomoya Higashihara, Chih-Jung Lin, M. Ueda, Wen‐Chang Chen (2010)
Enhancement of P3HT/PCBM Photovoltaic Efficiency Using the Surfactant of Triblock Copolymer Containing Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) SegmentsMacromolecules, 43
Kok-Haw Ong, S. Lim, H. Tan, Hoi-Ka Wong, Jun Li, Zhun Ma, L. Moh, S. Lim, J. Mello, Zhi-Kuan Chen (2011)
A Versatile Low Bandgap Polymer for Air‐Stable, High‐Mobility Field‐Effect Transistors and Efficient Polymer Solar CellsAdvanced Materials, 23
C. Dai, Wei-Che Yen, Yi‐Huan Lee, Chun-Chih Ho, W. Su (2007)
Facile synthesis of well-defined block copolymers containing regioregular poly(3-hexyl thiophene) via anionic macroinitiation method and their self-assembly behavior.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129 36
“http
//www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_chart.jpg” in NERL home page.
C. Radano, O. Scherman, N. Stingelin‐Stutzmann, C. Müller, D. Breiby, Paul Smith, R. Janssen, E. Meijer (2005)
Crystalline-crystalline block copolymers of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and polyethylene by ring-opening metathesis polymerization.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127 36
M. Urien, Harikrishna Erothu, É. Cloutet, R. Hiorns, L. Vignau, H. Cramail (2008)
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) based block copolymers prepared by "click" chemistryMacromolecules, 41
F C Krebs (2010)
Polymeric Solar Cells
R D McCullough (1992)
. 70
Tomoya Higashihara, Kaoru Ohshimizu, Yecheol Ryo, T. Sakurai, A. Takahashi, S. Nojima, M. Ree, M. Ueda (2011)
Synthesis and characterization of block copolythiophene with hexyl and triethylene glycol side chainsPolymer, 52
M. Iovu, C. Craley, M. Jeffries‐EL, Ashley Krankowski, Rui Zhang, T. Kowalewski, R. Mccullough (2007)
Conducting Regioregular Polythiophene Block Copolymer Nanofibrils Synthesized by Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) and Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP)Macromolecules, 40
Zhicai He, Chengmei Zhong, Xun Huang, W. Wong, Hongbin Wu, Liwei Chen, Shi-jian Su, Yong Cao (2011)
Simultaneous Enhancement of Open‐Circuit Voltage, Short‐Circuit Current Density, and Fill Factor in Polymer Solar CellsAdvanced Materials, 23
M. Iovu, M. Jeffries‐EL, E. Sheina, J. Cooper, R. Mccullough (2005)
Regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) conducting block copolymersPolymer, 46
Xiaoniu Yang, J. Loos, S. Veenstra, W. Verhees, M. Wienk, J. Kroon, M. Michels, R. Janssen (2005)
Nanoscale morphology of high-performance polymer solar cells.Nano letters, 5 4
M. Hillmyer (2005)
Nanoporous materials from block copolymer precursorsAdvances in Polymer Science, 190
) . ( 51 ) M . A Hillmyer
K Lee J Y Kim (2007)
10.1126/science.1141711Science, 317
S. Park, Anshuman Roy, S. Beaupré, Shinuk Cho, Nelson Coates, J. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, Kwanghee Lee, A. Heeger (2009)
Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100Nature Photonics, 3
Qinglin Zhang, A. Çırpan, T. Russell, T. Emrick (2009)
Donor−Acceptor Poly(thiophene-block-perylene diimide) Copolymers: Synthesis and Solar Cell FabricationMacromolecules, 42
Sangwon Ko, E. Hoke, L. Pandey, S. Hong, R. Mondal, C. Risko, Yuanping Yi, R. Noriega, M. McGehee, J. Brédas, A. Salleo, Zhenan Bao (2012)
Controlled conjugated backbone twisting for an increased open-circuit voltage while having a high short-circuit current in poly(hexylthiophene) derivatives.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134 11
Changduk Yang, Jae Lee, A. Heeger, F. Wudl (2009)
Well-defined donor–acceptor rod–coil diblock copolymers based on P3HT containing C60: the morphology and role as a surfactant in bulk-heterojunction solar cellsJournal of Materials Chemistry, 19
T Nishizawa Q Wei (2008)
10.1002/adma.200890067Adv. Mater., 20
K. Sivanandan, Tirtha Chatterjee, N. Treat, E. Kramer, C. Hawker (2010)
High Surface Area Poly(3-hexylthiophenes) Thin Films from Cleavable Graft CopolymersMacromolecules, 43
Tomoya Higashihara, A. Takahashi, S. Tajima, Sangwoo Jin, Yecheol Rho, M. Ree, M. Ueda (2010)
Synthesis of block copolymers consisting of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and polystyrene segments through ionic interaction and their self-assembly behaviorPolymer Journal, 42
B. Boudouris, C. Frisbie, M. Hillmyer (2008)
Nanoporous Poly(3-alkylthiophene) Thin Films Generated from Block Copolymer TemplatesMacromolecules, 41
Robert Loewe, Sonya Khersonsky, R. Mccullough (1999)
A Simple Method to Prepare Head‐to‐Tail Coupled, Regioregular Poly(3‐alkylthiophenes) Using Grignard MetathesisAdvanced Materials, 11
Huaxing Zhou, Liqiang Yang, Andrew Stuart, S. Price, Shubin Liu, W. You (2011)
Development of fluorinated benzothiadiazole as a structural unit for a polymer solar cell of 7 % efficiency.Angewandte Chemie, 50 13
M. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta (2010)
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 35)Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 18
Jong Kim, Kathryn Allen, S. Oh, Stephanie Lee, M. Toney, Youn Kim, Cherie Kagan, C. Nuckolls, Y. Loo (2010)
Small-Molecule Thiophene-C60 Dyads As Compatibilizers in Inverted Polymer Solar CellsChemistry of Materials, 22
Qifeng Wang, Ryo Takita, Yuuta Kikuzaki, F. Ozawa (2010)
Palladium-catalyzed dehydrohalogenative polycondensation of 2-bromo-3-hexylthiophene: an efficient approach to head-to-tail poly(3-hexylthiophene).Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132 33
Y. Tao, B. McCulloch, Suhan Kim, R. Segalman (2009)
The relationship between morphology and performance of donor–acceptor rod–coil block copolymer solar cellsSoft Matter, 5
Tomoya Higashihara, M. Ueda (2009)
Synthesis and characterization of a novel coil–rod–coil triblock copolymers comprised of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(methyl methacrylate) segmentsReactive & Functional Polymers, 69
Yi-Cang Lai, Kaoru Ohshimizu, A. Takahashi, Jung-Ching Hsu, Tomoya Higashihara, M. Ueda, Wen‐Chang Chen (2011)
Synthesis of all-conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block- poly(3-(4'-(3
R. Coffin, J. Peet, James Rogers, G. Bazan (2009)
Streamlined microwave-assisted preparation of narrow-bandgap conjugated polymers for high-performance bulk heterojunction solar cells.Nature chemistry, 1 8
Yue Zhang, K. Tajima, Kouske Hirota, K. Hashimoto (2008)
Synthesis of all-conjugated diblock copolymers by quasi-living polymerization and observation of their microphase separation.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130 25
Yongye Liang, Zheng Xu, Jiangbin Xia, Szu-Ting Tsai, Yue Wu, Gang Li, C. Ray, Luping Yu (2010)
For the Bright Future—Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency of 7.4%Advanced Materials, 22
Tomoya Higashihara, Eisuke Goto, M. Ueda (2012)
Purification-Free and Protection-Free Synthesis of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Poly(3-(6-hydroxyhexyl)thiophene) Using a Zincate Complex of tBu4ZnLi2.ACS macro letters, 1 1
Ryo Miyakoshi, A. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa (2005)
Catalyst-transfer polycondensation. mechanism of Ni-catalyzed chain-growth polymerization leading to well-defined poly(3-hexylthiophene).Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127 49
D. Olson, Liang Chen, M. Hillmyer (2008)
Templating Nanoporous Polymers with Ordered Block CopolymersChemistry of Materials, 20
A. Takahashi, Chih-Jung Lin, Kaoru Ohshimizu, Tomoya Higashihara, Wen‐Chang Chen, M. Ueda (2012)
Synthesis and characterization of novel polythiophenes with graphene-like structures via intramolecular oxidative couplingPolymer Chemistry, 3
Jae‐Suk Lee, A. Hirao, S. Nakahama (1989)
Polymerization of monomers containing functional silyl groups. 7. Porous membranes with controlled microstructuresMacromolecules, 22
B. Thompson, J. Fréchet (2008)
Polymer-fullerene composite solar cells.Angewandte Chemie, 47 1
Y. Zhang, H. Tan, P. Størmer, Kim, Petersen, P. Hofmann, E. Plummer, F. Besenbacher, De Heer, X. Wu, C. Berger, S. Blankenship, F. Hess, A. Band, N. Their, J. Kim, Kwanghee Lee, Nelson Coates, D. Moses, Thuc‐Quyen Nguyen, Mark Dante, A. Heeger
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 and S2 References Efficient Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Fabricated by All-solution Processing
M. Jeffries‐EL, G. Sauvé, R. Mccullough (2005)
Facile Synthesis of End-Functionalized Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s via Modified Grignard Metathesis ReactionMacromolecules, 38
A. Yokoyama, Ryo Miyakoshi, T. Yokozawa (2004)
Chain-growth polymerization for poly(3-hexylthiophene) with a defined molecular weight and a low polydispersityMacromolecules, 37
T. Chu, Jianping Lu, S. Beaupré, Yanguang Zhang, J. Pouliot, Salem Wakim, Jia-yun Zhou, M. Leclerc, Z. Li, Jianfu Ding, Y. Tao (2011)
Bulk heterojunction solar cells using thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione and dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]silole copolymer with a power conversion efficiency of 7.3%.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133 12
Robert Loewe, Paul Ewbank, Jinsong Liu, L. Zhai, R. Mccullough (2001)
Regioregular, Head-to-Tail Coupled Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) Made Easy by the GRIM Method: Investigation of the Reaction and the Origin of RegioselectivityMacromolecules, 34
C. Du, Cuihong Li, Weiwei Li, Xiong Chen, Zhishan Bo, Clemens Veit, Zaifei Ma, Uli Wuerfel, Hongfei Zhu, Wenping Hu, Fengling Zhang (2011)
9-Alkylidene-9H-Fluorene-Containing Polymer for High-Efficiency Polymer Solar CellsMacromolecules, 44
T. Umeyama, Evgenia Douvogianni, H. Imahori (2012)
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Polymer Based on 1,3,4-Thiadiazole UnitChemistry Letters, 41
Wanli Ma, J. Kim, Kwanghee Lee, A. Heeger (2007)
Effect of the Molecular Weight of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) on the Morphology and Performance of Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar CellsMacromolecular Rapid Communications, 28
Abstract Polymer-based solar cells (PSCs) have been promising candidates as renewable energy resources, having multiple advantages of flexible, low-cost and large-area processing for their mass production. Among them, much attention has been paid to fundamental bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) devices using a blend of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the active layer. However, there are still significant limitations not only in the low power conversion efficiency (PCE), but also in the device stability. The morphological control of BHJ PSCs is one of the most important issues to improve the device performances. On the other hand, P3HT itself has received much attention in many fields, because it is the best class of balanced high-performance materials as a p-type semiconductor in terms of solubility, chemical stability, charge mobility, and commercial availability. The discovery of the quasi-living Grignard metathesis polymerization (or called catalysttransfer polycondensation) system has made it possible to synthesize a wide variety of chain-end-functional P3HT derivatives, their block copolymers and star-branched polymers. Since the competitive research areas including PSC applications have strongly demanded the accelerated developments of new materials and well-defined morphologies related to polythiophenes, the fundamental studies of P3HT have still been targeted by many research groups. In this review, the controlled synthesis of P3HT, the synthesis of P3HT-based block copolymers, their applications to PSCs, as well as the scope and potential of new thiophene-based materials are described.
"Macromolecular Research" – Springer Journals
Published: Mar 1, 2013
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.